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External sources (not reviewed)

to prevent and mitigate the effects of financial crises.

to prevent and mitigate the effects of financial crises, and to mobilize foreign resources, and generate and allocate domestic resources for financing for development in the productive, social and environmental areas (A/66/6 (Sect. 21), table 21.18).

build fiscal buffers in good times that allow a response to financial system stress.

activity; expansion of the public investment programme; encouraging local procurement of supplies and services to support employment levels; strategies to help vulnerable sectors; and the development of investment incentives to create “green” jobs.

for least developed countries, in order to avert a new debt crisis and further regressions in the realization of the Goals.

funds combined with strengthened macroprudential financial and capital account regulation to mitigate the impact of volatile commodity prices and capital inflows.

linked to GDP and commodity prices, which should help to mitigate some of the risks associated with procyclical foreign private capital flows (see A/66/329).

improved financial regulation and supervision; (e) reform of the international financial and economic system, including voice and participation of developing countries in the Bretton Woods institutions; and (f) strengthening the role of the United Nations in global economic governance.

countries alike launching and advancing further public investment programmes, both to bolster and create employment and to lay the foundation for renewed and sustained growth.

that promote economic transformation and dynamic job creation must be included.

and trigger structural change, enhancing their efforts to pursue the goals of full employment and poverty eradication in line with national circumstances, priorities and needs.

those countries were not unduly constrained by policy arrangements to support output recovery and maintain social spending.

in the face of domestic and external shocks; they would help avoid abrupt economic fluctuations, which could have a negative impact on income distribution and resource allocation.

in the face of shocks in order to avoid abrupt economic fluctuations.

coordination to minimize and contain economic and financial crises and financial volatility.

to run larger fiscal deficits when needed; (c) the need to increase and improve automatic fiscal stabilizers, such as transfers, which are triggered by a macroeconomic variable crossing a threshold level, because of the time required for political decision-making and the implementation of discretionary fiscal measures; (d) the importance of social dialogue for identifying developmental and macroeconomic priorities and for ensuring broad-based, inclusive growth and development; and (e) the importance of policy coordination and consistency among countries to combat financial crises and economic downturns.

offset the negative evolution of most of the components of domestic demand, but also to speed up the recovery process, which took hold in some countries as of the second quarter and in nearly all by the third quarter of 2009.