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External sources (not reviewed)

for energy reserves and resources.

transfer to developing countries on concessional terms as mutually agreed in order to promote sustainable energy systems with the objective of increasing its contribution to total energy supply, recognizing the role of national initiatives and priorities and voluntary targets, where they exist, and ensuring that energy policies are supportive to developing countries’ efforts to eradicate poverty, and regularly evaluate available data to review progress to this end.

increases, which could upset their external payments balance, cause economic instability at the macro level and prevent Governments from investing in technical and social infrastructure, resulting in higher energy costs for households.

by reducing operating costs, controlling GHG emissions and minimizing environmental impacts within the aquatic environment.

in manufacturing processes, and reducing energy waste through co-generation and energy cascading.

climate change impacts with green development plans.

for instance from waste incineration plants or landfills.

energy security and rising greenhouse gas emissions from transport make concerted policy actions increasingly urgent.

hydropower or photovoltaics, it will not produce any carbon dioxide emissions when driven.

taxation and phasing out harmful subsidies, where they exist, to reflect their environmental impacts, with such policies taking fully into account the specific needs and conditions of developing countries, with the aim of minimizing the possible adverse impacts on their development and in a manner that protects the poor and the affected communities.

send “a message to the world”.

the development of affordable energy conservation technologies and their transfer to oil- producing developing countries in particular; minimizing oil and gas losses and emissions throughout the production and distribution process; facilitating the provision to oilproducing and oil-exporting countries of affordable technologies to transform solid fuels to liquid or gaseous fuels, control gas flaring and venting, and perform carbon capture and storage or recapture of energy from waste; and supporting regional energy transmission through interconnected electricity grids and cross-border pipelines and trade.

construction, but also an analysis of the likelihood, magnitude and environmental consequences of severe accidents with nuclear power compared with its alternatives.