| 单词 | 包皮环切术 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 释义 | 包皮环切术 —circumcisionSee also:包皮—foreskin • wrapper • wrapping 皮包—handbag • briefcase
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第三，男子包皮环切术被证 明可以大大降低男性 通过与异性性交而感染艾滋病毒的危险。 daccess-ods.un.org | Thirdly, male circumcisions were shown to significantly reduce the risk for males of contracting HIV through heterosexual sex. daccess-ods.un.org |
进一步证据显示，男性包皮环切术可 以降低男性感染艾滋 病毒的风险。 unesdoc.unesco.org | There is also further evidence that male circumcision can reduce the risk of HIV acquisition in men. unesdoc.unesco.org |
去年，一些国家启动或计划进行调查，以评价那些为增加需求 和加快推广提供潜在途径的包皮环切 手 术 新 装 置。 daccess-ods.un.org | Over the last year, studies have been launched or planned in several countries to evaluate new circumcision devices that offer a potential avenue to increase demand and expedite scale-up. daccess-ods.un.org |
这意 味着必须加快诸如包皮环切手术和夫 妻检测与咨询 等新技术和新方法的使用和推广。 daccess-ods.un.org | It means accelerating the uptake and coverage of new technologies and approaches, such as male circumcision and couples testing and counselling. daccess-ods.un.org |
挽救受感染生命和预防其他人受感染的治疗与母婴传播预防、医学上的自愿男 性 包皮环切术 、 艾 滋病毒测试及其它，被证明是关键性的干预。 embassyusa.cn | Treatment – both to save the lives of those infected, and to prevent infection of others – is a key evidence-based intervention, along with prevention of mother-to-child transmission, voluntary medical male circumcision, HIV testing and others. eng.embassyusa.cn |
(e) 为预防艾滋病毒而扩大成年男性包皮环切服务的所有 13 [...] 个优先国家都 进行了情况分析，其中几个国家已确定加快提供自 愿 包皮环切 手 术 机 会 的国家指 导方针。 daccess-ods.un.org | (e) All 13 priority countries for the scale-up of adult male circumcision services aimed at HIV prevention have [...] conducted situation analyses, and several have finalized national guidelines [...] to accelerate access to voluntary circumcision. daccess-ods.un.org |
有许多例 子，但是最突出的例子是有关 包皮环切 手 术 对 于预防 艾滋病毒的有效性的工作；在南非乡村省林波波进行 [...] 的关于把性别和艾滋病毒培训纳入小额供资倡议的 研究；在我国受该传染病最沉重打击的夸祖鲁纳塔尔 省引进抗逆转录病毒疗法所取得的健康成果；以及事 [...] 实上在杀微生物剂和疫苗研制领域中取得的科学知 识的进步。 daccess-ods.un.org | There are many examples, but the most [...] outstanding are the work on the [...] effectiveness of male circumcision in the prevention [...]of HIV; the research on integration [...]of gender and HIV training into microfinance initiatives, which was done in the rural province of Limpopo in South Africa; the health outcomes realized from the introduction of antiretroviral therapy in KwaZulu-Natal province, which is one of the hardest hit by the epidemic in the country; and, indeed, the advances in scientific knowledge in the fields of microbicide and vaccine development. daccess-ods.un.org |
世卫组织和艾滋病署在 2007 年发布指导原则，建议在艾滋病毒流行率很高 而男子包皮环切比率很低的 13 个国家中实施包皮环切手术，紧 接此事之后，虽 然成年男子接受包皮环切的人数增加很慢，但据报最近已有进展，仅在 2010 年 就估计有九个优先国家的 40 万名男子接受包皮环切。 daccess-ods.un.org | Although scale-up of adult male circumcision was slow in the immediate aftermath of the issuance by WHO and UNAIDS in 2007 of guidelines recommending the implementation of circumcision in 13 high-priority countries with high prevalence of HIV and low prevalence of male circumcision, recent gains have been reported, with an estimated 400,000 men circumcised in nine priority countries in 2010 alone. daccess-ods.un.org |
30 含有抗逆转录 病毒药物泰诺福韦的杀菌凝胶等预防技术的发展为妇女提供了降低感染风险的 手段。31 对于男性来说，包皮环切手术虽然 不能绝对消除感染风险，却大大降低 了这一风险，非洲一些国家政府支持把包皮环切作为艾滋病毒/艾滋病综合预防 方案的一部分。 daccess-ods.un.org | Among the 21 countries most affected by HIV, 15 have achieved a 25 per cent reduction in HIV prevalence among people aged 15-24.30 Developments in prevention [...] technology, such as the [...] microbicide gel containing the antiretroviral agent tenofovir, offer women a means of reducing the risk of infection.31 For men, circumcision offers substantial although not [...]absolute protection, [...]and several Governments in Africa are supporting circumcision as part of a comprehensive HIV/AIDS prevention programme.32To yield the best results, prevention strategies need to focus interventions on the groups most at risk of infection. daccess-ods.un.org |
(a) 承诺利用好每一块美元避免最大数量的艾滋病毒感染病例，方法是对新 感染中比例最高的人群重点开展以实证为依据、以权利为基础的努力，并对传播 严重地区全面采取已证明有效的措施，例如提倡女用和男用保险套 、 包皮环切手 术、以 治为防、减轻吸毒者所受伤害以及“积极保健、尊严和预防”办法，这种 办法在人权框架内将艾滋病毒感染者的社会需求与保健需求挂钩 daccess-ods.un.org | (a) Commit to averting the maximum number of HIV infections for each dollar spent by focusing evidence-informed and rights-based efforts on the populations that account for the largest share of new infections and by saturating transmission hot spots with proven interventions such as female and male condom promotion, male circumcision, treatment as prevention, harm reduction for drug users and “Positive health, dignity and prevention” approaches that link the social and health needs of people living with HIV within a human rights framework daccess-ods.un.org |
在 13 个艾滋病毒流行率较高而包皮环切手 术 比 例 较低的非洲国家所做的调 查结果表明，成人出于医疗目的的 包皮环切 手 术 覆 盖 率达 80%将可在 2025 年前使 新感染减少 20%以上，使未来的医疗费用估计节省 166 亿美元。 daccess-ods.un.org | In 13 African countries with high HIV prevalence [...] and low prevalence of male circumcision, studies indicate that achieving 80 per cent coverage of adult medical male circumcision would avert more than [...]20 per cent of new infections [...]by 2025 and save an estimated $16.6 billion in future medical costs. daccess-ods.un.org |
该投资框架鼓励集中资金用于 6 个基本的方案活动：(a) 重 点人群方案；(b) 消除儿童新感染病例；(c) 降低性风险方案；(d) 安全套规划； (e) [...] 护理、治疗和支持艾滋病毒感染者；(f) 在优先国家内医疗目的的自愿包皮 环切手术。 daccess-ods.un.org | The investment framework encourages focused funding for six basic programmatic activities: (a) programmes for key populations; (b) elimination of new infections in children; (c) programmes for sexual risk reduction; (d) condom programming; (e) [...] care, treatment and support for people living with HIV; and (f) voluntary [...] medical male circumcision in priority [...]countries. daccess-ods.un.org |
另外，还将男性包皮环切 纳入了国家防治艾滋病毒一揽子方案。 daccess-ods.un.org | Furthermore Male Circumcision has been integrated into the national HIV prevention package. daccess-ods.un.org |
在这个框架内，莱索托还在执行其他有效的预防 战略，如男性包皮环切割。 daccess-ods.un.org | Within this framework, Lesotho is also implementing other effective prevention strategies, such as male circumcision. daccess-ods.un.org |
另外，还在广泛推行男性包皮环切方 案。 daccess-ods.un.org | Also, a widespread Male circumcision program is being implemented. daccess-ods.un.org |
世卫组织在 2010 年完成一份婴儿提早实施包皮环切的 手册，发布指示主 张聘请志愿者支持扩大实施男子 包皮环切 ， 并在许多论坛上提倡扩大实施男 子包 皮环切。 daccess-ods.un.org | WHO completed an early infant circumcision manual in 2010, issued guidance on the engagement of volunteers to support male circumcision scale-up, and advocated for male circumcision [...] scale-up in multiple forums. daccess-ods.un.org |
在此次活动期间，我们打算作出以下努力：采购 25 亿个男用安全套；把男性包皮环切服 务 扩大到各 省，并根据国家指导方针来进行；把结核病筛查纳入 [...] 初级保健设施的常规保健服务；为有需要者提供 6 个 月的异烟肼预防性治疗；对 6 000 名护士进行启动抗 [...]逆转录病毒治疗方面的培训，以确保扩大艾滋病毒护 理服务的覆盖面； 把开始接受抗逆转录病毒治疗的 婴儿数目从 35 000 人增至 62 000 人；通过分散提供 综合保健的模式来扩大覆盖面，到 2011 年 6 月底， 这将把现有的 500 个诊所增加到 2 500 个；接受抗逆 转录病毒治疗的病人将新增加 50 万人，以实现到 2011 年 3 月使接受治疗者达到 150 万人的目标。 daccess-ods.un.org | During the campaign, we intended to undertake the following [...] efforts: 2.5 billion male condoms will be [...] procured; male circumcision services will [...]be scaled up to all provinces and implemented [...]in line with national guidelines; tuberculosis screening will be integrated into routine health services at primary health-care facilities, and isoniazid prophylaxis will be provided for six months for those in need; 6,000 nurses will be trained in initiating antiretroviral therapy to ensure expanded access to HIV care; the number of infants initiated on antiretroviral therapy will increase from 35,000 to 62,000; access will be expanded through a decentralized model of integrated care, which will increase current facilities from 500 to 2,500 by end of June 2011; and 500,000 new patients will be enrolled in the antiretroviral therapy programme to meet the March 2011 target of 1.5 million people on treatment. daccess-ods.un.org |
(i) 在艾滋病毒高发、男性切包皮率 低的地区，推 广 包皮环切 daccess-ods.un.org | (i) Promoting medical male circumcision where HIV prevalence is high and male circumcision rates are low daccess-ods.un.org |
在 2010/11 [...] 年度期间，稳定团与海地政府、国家机构、非政府组织以及联合 国一道,致力于：(a) 提升民间社会团体通过参与重建工作倡导社会和经济权利的 能力；(b) 协助政府报告、预防和应对侵犯人权，特别是侵犯儿童和妇女权利的行 为：(c) 确保在向受地震影响的脆弱人群提供人道主义援助时采用保护的原则和标 准，并在提供援助过程中与地方当局 密 切 协 调 ；以及(d) 向国家警察提供临时的后 勤和技术专家 支持，以便向暴力行为和虐待行为的受害者 ， 包 括 主 要发生在流离失 所者营地的性暴力和性别暴力的儿童和妇女受害者提供援助。 daccess-ods.un.org | During the 2010/11 period, the Mission worked with the Government of Haiti, State institutions, NGOs and the United Nations country team to: (a) promote the capacity of civil society groups to advocate social and economic rights through participation in the reconstruction process; (b) assist the Government to report, prevent and respond to human rights violations, with particular regard to the rights of children and women; (c) ensure that humanitarian assistance to vulnerable persons affected by the earthquake incorporated the principles and standards [...] on protection and was [...] provided in close coordination with local authorities; and (d) provide temporary logistical and technical expert support to the national police to assist children and women victims of abuse and violence, including sexual and genderbased [...]violence mainly [...]in camps of displaced persons. daccess-ods.un.org |
目前已经努力增加包皮环切男子 的人数，但紧急需要更迅速的进展，使这种高效 率的干预行动达到适当的规模，帮助减少性传染。 daccess-ods.un.org | Efforts have been made to increase [...] the number of circumcised adult males, although [...]faster progress is urgently needed to [...]bring this highly effective intervention to scale to help reduce sexual transmission. daccess-ods.un.org |
无线访问- 本新闻通讯向您提供了原始内容，包 括 关 于 3G、移动娱乐、移动连接解决方案以及更多的 技 术 文 章和 白 皮 书。 digikey.cn | Wireless Access - This [...] newsletter gives you original content including technical articles and white papers on 3G, mobile entertainment, mobile [...]connectivity solutions, and more. digikey.com.mx |
在这方面，我们还敦促联合国会员国再次承诺实现关于普遍获得生殖健康的 千年发展目标具体目标，其中包括：根据知情选择理念，提供可获得、廉价、适 当、优质的生殖健康服务，尤其在初级保健方面；提供关于性健康和生殖健 康 (包 括计 划生育)的教育和资料；提供有重点的切实产前护理；提供孕产妇营养方案； 控制传染性疾病；提供充足的分娩协助，以避免过度采用剖腹产、外 阴 切 开 手 术、 使 用催产素及其他医疗程序，提供妇科紧急护理；为怀孕、生产和堕胎并发症提 供转诊服务；产后护理和计划生育。 daccess-ods.un.org | In this connection, we also urge UN Member States to reaffirm their commitment to achieving the MDG target on universal access to reproductive health, which includes, based on the concept of informed choice, the availability of accessible, affordable, appropriate and high-quality reproductive health services, particularly in the context of primary health care; appropriate education and [...] information on sexual and [...] reproductive health, including family planning; focused and effective prenatal care; maternal nutrition programs; control of infectious diseases; adequate delivery assistance that avoids excessive recourse to Caesarean sections, episiotomy, administration of oxytocin, [...]and other medical procedures, [...]and provides for obstetric emergencies; referral services for pregnancy, childbirth and abortion complications; and post-natal care and family planning. daccess-ods.un.org |
与此同时，联科行动将继续重点帮助科特迪瓦各方克服所面临的挑战，将上 述风险降至最低限度，其中包括采取下列做法：(a) 支持科特迪瓦各方和调解人 努力使和平进程不脱轨；(b) 促进营造安全的选举环境，包括推 动有效地解除前 战斗人员武装和解散民兵的议程，其中包括监测前战斗人员“进入屯驻点”和储 存收缴的武器；(c) 为选举进程提供技术和后 勤支助，并监督促进实现具有公信 力和透明度的选举的各种进程所取得的进展；(d) 通过我的特别代表的认证作 用，加强选举进程的可信性；(e) 支持科特迪瓦政府开展经济复苏进程。 daccess-ods.un.org | In the meantime, UNOCI will continue to focus on helping the Ivorian parties to surmount the challenges and minimize the risks identified above, including by: (a) supporting the Ivorian parties and the Facilitator in their efforts to keep the peace process on [...] track; (b) contributing to [...] a secure environment for the elections, including by advancing the agendas for the effective disarmament of former combatants and dismantling of militias, inter alia, by monitoring the cantonment of former combatants and the storage of the weapons collected; (c) providing technical and logistical [...]support for the electoral [...]process and monitoring the progress made in the various processes leading to credible and transparent elections; (d) contributing, through my Special Representative’s certification role, to enhancing the credibility of the electoral process; and (e) supporting the economic recovery process pursued by the Government of Côte d’Ivoire. daccess-ods.un.org |
在不扩散核武器条约缔约国 2010 年审议大会上，缔约国一致认为“必须在 原子能机构或区域论坛的主持下，以非歧视和透明的方式继续讨论拟订核燃料循 环多边办法，包括建立核燃料供应保障机制的可能性，以及燃料循环后端处理的 可能计划，而不影响《条约》规定的权利并不损害国家燃料 循 环 政 策 ，同时处理 围绕这些问题的复杂的技术、法 律和经济问题 ， 包 括 这 方面原子能机构全面保障 监督的要求”(NPT/CONF.2010/50)。 daccess-ods.un.org | At the 2010 Review Conference of the Parties to the Treaty on the Non-Proliferation of Nuclear Weapons, States parties agreed to “continue to discuss in a non-discriminatory and transparent manner under the auspices of IAEA or [...] regional forums, the [...] development of multilateral approaches to the nuclear fuel cycle, including the possibilities of creating mechanisms for assurance of nuclear fuel supply, as well as possible schemes dealing with the back end of the fuel cycle, without affecting rights under the Treaty and without prejudice to national fuel cycle policies, while tackling the technical, legal and economic complexities surrounding these issues, including in this regard the [...]requirement of IAEA [...]full scope safeguards” (see NPT/CONF.2010/50). daccess-ods.un.org |
尽管监视和收集外国情报的美国政府部门遵守为保护国家安全和隐私而设计的严 格的法律、规则、规范和政策体系，但是民间社会在这些领域提出了重大的关 切，包括担心技术变革 导致相关法律过时，以及在监视工作中必须更广泛和系统 地保护隐私。 daccess-ods.un.org | Although the departments and agencies of the U.S. Government involved in surveillance and the collection of foreign intelligence information comply with a robust regime of laws, rules, regulations, and policies designed to protect national [...] security and privacy, [...] significant concerns in these areas have been raised by civil society, including concerns that relevant laws have been made outdated by technological changes, and [...]that privacy protections [...]need to be applied more broadly and methodically to surveillance. daccess-ods.un.org |
各位部长强调，必须改善水资源管理，并通过在联合观测和研究方面展开 合作，改善对水循环的科学了解，为此目的，重申必须鼓励和促进分享知识， 并根据彼此共同达成的协议，特别为发展中国家和经济转型国家开展能力建设 和向其转让技术，包括遥 感和卫星技术。 daccess-ods.un.org | The Ministers emphasized the need to improve water resource management and scientific understanding of the water cycle through cooperation in joint observation and research, and for this purpose, [...] reiterated the need to encourage and [...] promote knowledge-sharing and provide capacity-building and the transfer of technology, as mutually agreed, including remote-sensing and satellite technologies, particularly to developing countries and countries with economies in transition. daccess-ods.un.org |
二十一世纪的技术和职业教育所面 临的挑战，要求采取以学生为中心的革新的 和灵活的方法，包括重 新调整课程设置，将 一些新的科目和问题，如技术、环境 、 外语 和文化，企业管理，以及迅速发展的服务行 业的要求等都考虑在内。 unesdoc.unesco.org | The challenges facing technical and vocational education in the twenty-first century demand [...] learner-centred innovative and [...] flexible approaches including a reoriented curriculum to take account of new subjects and issues such as technology, the environment, [...]foreign languages [...]and cultures, entrepreneurship and the requirements of rapidly growing service industries. unesdoc.unesco.org |
如果第一阶段所包含的任何企业决定采用除碳氢化合物以外的其他 技 术 ， 与 改变 技术 有关的一切费用 节省都将退还多边基金。 multilateralfund.org | In the event that any enterprise covered in stage I decides to introduce a technology other than hydrocarbon, any savings associated with [...] the change of technology will be returned to the Multilateral Fund. multilateralfund.org |
泰国代表团还指出，亚太城市论坛所开展的讨论以及提出的行动 建议十分有用，应予切实执行，以期推进本区域的可持续城市发展， 并为此特别请秘书处把以下三项工作列为优先重点：第一，着手制订 城市分类的标准和基准，诸如“可持续的城市”、“生态城市”、以 及“绿色工业城市”等，以便在区域和次区域两级为确定可持续城市 发展的基准提供准则；第二，在区域和次区域两级建立数据库和网 络，以便融入城市和农村人口统计数据、以及经济、社会和自然诸领 域的数据，包括环境和 地理-气候方面的数据；第三，在各成员国之 间举办关于城市气候变化问题的座谈会，以便相互交流在努力实现可 持续的城市发展方面的经验和最佳做法。 daccess-ods.un.org | The delegation of Thailand also noted that the discussions and recommendations for action [...] from the Asia-Pacific [...] Urban Forum were very useful and should be implemented to promote sustainable urban development in the region, and particularly requested the secretariat to prioritize three areas of work: firstly, to develop criteria and standards for city classification, such as “sustainable city”, “eco-city”, and “green industrial city” to provide a guideline for benchmarking sustainable urban development at the regional and subregional levels; secondly, to develop databases and networks at the regional and subregional levels that would include urban and rural population statistics and economic, social and physical data, including environment and geo-climatic data; [...]and thirdly, to hold [...]a symposium on urban climate change among member States in order to exchange experiences and best practices towards achieving sustainable city development. daccess-ods.un.org |
2010 年，欧安组织将继续与联合国密切合 作 ，以 应对这些挑战和许多其他共同挑战，例如军备控制和 建立信任与安全措施；跨国威胁与挑战 ， 包 括 打 击恐 怖主义；经济与环境挑战，包括能源安全和保护咸海； 容忍与非歧视；人权与基本自由，以及民主与法治。 daccess-ods.un.org | In 2010, the OSCE will [...] continue to work closely with the United Nations on these and many other common challenges, such as arms control and confidence- and security-building measures; transnational threats and challenges, including combating terrorism; economic and environmental challenges, including energy security [...]and the protection [...]of the Aral Sea; tolerance and non-discrimination; and human rights and fundamental freedoms, as well as democracy and the rule of law. daccess-ods.un.org |
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