| 单词 | 剂量效应 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 释义 | 剂量效应 —dose effectSee also:剂量 n—dosages pl 剂量—prescribed dose of medicine 效应 n—effect n 效应—effect (scientific phenomenon)
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化学品，特别是内分泌干扰物质造成的积累 效 应 和 低 剂量效应 ， 正 在引起新 的健康问题。 daccess-ods.un.org | New health concerns on the [...] cumulative effects and low-dose effects of chemicals, [...]especially of endocrine disruptors, are emerging. daccess-ods.un.org |
它包括简单的统计关系(例如经验法 则、剂量-效应关系 、多元回归模式)、更复杂的统计模式(例如状态矢量空间模式、神经 网络、虚拟种群分析、网络分析)、基于基本原理的动力学模式(例如风暴潮模式、拉格 朗日和欧拉形式的数值生态系统模式)。 unesdoc.unesco.org | In 1999, an Action Plan was formulated for coordinating the in situ and satellite-based observations required to improve global scale weather forecasting (e.g., ENSO events and their effects regional patterns of rainfall and the frequence of tropical cyclones) and long-term climate predictions (IOC/WMO, 1999). unesdoc.unesco.org |
注意到西爱沙尼亚和北爱沙尼亚的寒武纪凡蒂母含水层的地下水中存 在着强化有效剂量。 daccess-ods.un.org | A heightened effective dose was noted in the ground water of Western and Northern Estonia’s Cambrian-Vendium aquifer. daccess-ods.un.org |
第二十三条 教育与培训方面的合作 缔约国应当相 互合作并与有关组织合作，根据情况分享关于 有 效 反 兴 奋 剂 计 划的信息、专门知 识和经验。 unesdoc.unesco.org | States Parties shall cooperate mutually and with the relevant [...] organizations to share, where appropriate, information, expertise and experience on effective anti-doping programmes. unesdoc.unesco.org |
v) 由于被推荐的剂量会在 2-3 季农作物中有剩余效应，可 以每年对土壤只施一次肥，如可只 对水稻－小麦生长带的水稻施肥，或者只对棉花－小麦生长带的棉花施肥。 fertilizer.org | v) As the recommended dosage may remain effective at least for 2—3 crop seasons, [...] soil application may be made only to one [...]crop per annum; e.g., to rice crop in rice-wheat system and to cotton in cotton-wheat system. fertilizer.org |
这些代表团指出，因为这些最大残留 限 量 对 法 典成员国有影响，需要采取谨慎 的方法；要特别关注发展中国家的数据以及不同饮食习惯的国家的特定问题；仅在必要 时用兽药治疗和预防疾病，而不作为生长促进/辅 助 剂 ； 应 当 考 虑到消费者的健康保护和 消费者对法典的信心。 codexalimentarius.org | These delegations pointed out that there was a need to take a cautious approach because of the impact of these MRLs on Codex member countries; that particular attention should be given to data from developing countries [...] and to the specific concerns of [...] countries with different eating habits; that veterinary medicines should be used only when necessary to cure and prevent diseases and not as growth promoters/production aid; and that consideration should be given to consumer health protection and to consumer confidence in Codex. codexalimentarius.org |
我们很高兴地看到，健康的志愿者在服用了比临床前研究所用的AAD-2004最大 有 效剂量 更 大的剂量后，仍保持着安全的状态。 tipschina.gov.cn | D., CEO of Neurotech Pharmaceuticals and Professor at Department of Pharmacology of Ajou University School of Medicine"The marked safety and efficacy in preclinical studies make AAD-2004 a promising drug candidate [...] to advance into [...] clinical trialsWe are so pleased to see safety profile of AAD-2004 in human healthy volunteers exposed to doses higher than maximally [...]effective doses in preclinical studies. tipschina.gov.cn |
14.53 在 2012-2013 [...] 两年期，为了更好地满足成员国的需要，特别是在病人的医疗照射、能源生产产 生的辐射水平和影响、自然辐射源的照射以及 低 剂量 辐 射 照射的影响等方面，为 了 应 对 科 学发 展及全球通信的快速节奏和日益增加的复杂性，将继续在 [...]2008-2009 年期间启动的若干战略转 变，即：(a) [...] 精简委员会的科学评价进程；(b) 加强数据收集、分析和传播的机制；(c) 改善 与其他利益攸关方基于成果的规划和协调；(d) 在决策者和公众中提高对委员会及其基本研究 成果的认识，以帮助弥合科学与政策之间的空白，确定在管理辐照的健康和环境影响领域内的 任何必要变革。 daccess-ods.un.org | 14.53 In the biennium 2012-2013, in order to respond better to the needs of Member States (in particular with respect to the medical exposure of patients, radiation levels and effects of energy production, [...] exposure to natural sources [...] of radiation and the effects of low-dose-rate radiation exposure) and to the [...]rapid pace and increasing [...]complexity of scientific developments and global communications, several strategic shifts initiated in 2008-2009 will continue, namely: (a) streamlining the Committee’s scientific evaluation processes; (b) enhancing mechanisms for data collection, analysis and dissemination; (c) improving results-based planning and coordination with other stakeholders; and (d) raising awareness of the Committee and its essential findings among decision makers and the public to help bridge the science-policy gap and identify any changes needed in the management of the impacts of radiation exposure on health and the environment. daccess-ods.un.org |
虽然世贸组织部分 成员强调了私立标准对质量和高质量 市 场 准入的积 极 效应 ， 但 其他许多成员表达了下列 关注：在进口环节采用私立标准造成事实上的贸易壁垒，尤其对发展中国家制造了难度； 遵守这些标准要求私立机构的多重认证，对小规模生产者成本不菲；在很多情况下私立 标准比政府标准和食典标准更具限制性和规约性且往往并没有法律依据；私立标准的制 定过程缺乏透明度和包容性；在某些情况下，这些标准不符合《卫生及植物检疫措施协 [...] 定》的要求。 codexalimentarius.org | While some WTO members had underlined [...] the positive aspects of private standards on quality and access to high quality markets, many other members had expressed the following concerns: the application of private standards [...]at the import stage [...]resulted in de facto barriers to trade, and created difficulties especially for developing countries; complying with these standards required multiple certification by private bodies, with a high cost for small producers; in many cases private standards were more restrictive and prescriptive than government standards and Codex standards and often had no scientific basis; the process by which private standards were set lacked transparency and inclusiveness; and in some cases such standards did not meet the requirements of the SPS Agreement. codexalimentarius.org |
眼睛护理专家和全球领导者指出了尚未得到满足的主要需求：（3）改善药物释放方法、提高向眼中注射药物的疗效、减少治疗次数 和 剂量 、 可 提高 疗 效 并 缓 解医生患者负担的联合疗法、逆转该疾病进程的药物，以及最重要的，对湿性AMD进行慢性病管理的标准化综合治疗方法。 tipschina.gov.cn | Eye care specialists and global leaders point to significant remaining unmet needs:(3) improved drug delivery methods, improved efficacy for drugs that are injected into the [...] eye, reduced frequency [...] of treatment and dosing, combined therapies that can improve efficacy and the burden of [...]treatment on physicians [...]and patients, drugs that reverse the disease process, and most importantly, a standardized, integrated treatment paradigm that accounts for chronic management of wet AMD. tipschina.gov.cn |
还向与会者 介绍了一些常用的基于产量效应统计 功能估算的统计模式。 daccess-ods.un.org | Participants were also introduced to some commonly used statistical models based on the estimation of [...] statistical functions of yield response. daccess-ods.un.org |
在执行委员会 2005 年核准 该行业计划第二期之后，应以同样方式对待第二期的四氯化碳生产和排 放 量 ， 因 为第二期 旨在解决第 XV/6 号决定经订正的表 A 和第 XVII/8 号决定表 A 之二所列加工剂应用和 受 委员会今后决定控制的其他任何应用的排放。 multilateralfund.org | The production and consumption of CTC of Phase II of the sector plan should be treated in the same manner after Phase II was [...] approved by the Executive Committee in 2005, because Phase II is intended to address the emission of process agent applications listed in the revised [...] Table A of decision XV/6, in Table A-bis of decision XVII/8 and any other applications that will be controlled by decision of the Meeting of the Parties in [...]the future. multilateralfund.org |
成本效益分析所要求的详细程度将与所审议建议的规模和范 围相符，它至少应包括 以下内容：(a) 提议/项目的目标或范围；(b) 澄清备选 方案；(c) 高级计划，其中列明关键阶段、活动和优先时限；(d) 项目周期的预 计成本；(e) 预计质量和数量效益；及(f) 若无所作为有可能产生的影响。 daccess-ods.un.org | While the level of detail required for the cost-benefit analysis will be commensurate with the scale and [...] scope of the proposal to [...] be considered, it should cover at least the following: (a) objectives and scope of the proposal or project; (b) clarification on the possible options; (c) a high-level plan setting out the key phases, activities and timelines of the preferred option; (d) estimated costs over the life cycle of the project; (e) expected qualitative and quantitative benefits; [...]and (f) the implications if no action is taken. daccess-ods.un.org |
此外还应量力建立有效的机 制，确保追究虐待工人的雇主的责任。 daccess-ods.un.org | It should also establish affordable and effective mechanisms to ensure [...] that abusive employers are held accountable. daccess-ods.un.org |
对质量效益的分析依据了秘书长关于联合国全球秘书处的企业系统 的报告(A/62/510/Rev.1)第三.B 节中提出的各要素，并比较详细地说明 了下述方面的预期效益：改善问责制；增加透明度；在财务、采购和人 事程序的广泛范围内加强内部控制；改进在所有管理领域 中 应 用 规 则和 运作程序的一致性；报告；提高客户满意度。 daccess-ods.un.org | The analysis of qualitative benefits builds on the elements presented in section III.B of the report of the Secretary-General on enterprise systems for the United Nations Secretariat worldwide (A/62/510/Rev.1) and sets out in some detail the advantages to be expected in terms of improved accountability; enhanced transparency; strengthened internal controls across the broad range of financial, procurement and staffing processes; improved consistency in the application of rules and [...] operating procedures in [...]all administrative disciplines; reporting; and higher client satisfaction. daccess-ods.un.org |
例如，为了监视消散剂应 用的成效，除 了由接受过培训的观察员目测观 察外，可以使用紫外线萤光测定法 (UVF) 来收 集关于水体中油类浓度的数据2 。 itopf.co.uk | For example, to monitor the effectiveness of dispersant application, in addition [...] to visual observations by trained observers, [...]ultra-violet fluorometry (UVF) can be used to collect data on oil concentrations in the water column2 . itopf.co.uk |
与国内和国际伙伴合作进行的战 略方案编制，应当顾 及受援国的自有资源，并考虑到方案的持续期限、可持续 性和影响力，以及技术援助的质量、 效 率 、准确性和连贯性，包括通过多年期 资源承诺。 daccess-ods.un.org | Strategic programme development, undertaken in cooperation [...] with domestic and [...] international partners, should take into account the recipient country’s own resources and give consideration to the programme’s duration, sustainability and impact, as well as quality, efficiency, accuracy and consistency [...]of technical [...]assistance, including through multi-year commitments of resources. daccess-ods.un.org |
发展合作论坛应探讨发展合作政策的数 量、效果和 一致性、南南合作、危机造成的影响、气候变化等紧迫问题。 daccess-ods.un.org | It should delve into urgent issues such as the quantity, impact and coherence [...] of development cooperation policy, South-South [...]cooperation, the impact of the crises and climate change, among others. daccess-ods.un.org |
它清楚地表明全身振动训练后力量的 增 加与安 慰 剂效应 无 关。 powerplate.com | It was clearly shown that strength increases after [...] WBV training are not attributable to a placebo effect. powerplate.com |
药品福利包括在患者的治疗时间内为患者配置 的 剂量 合 适的药品、医疗产 品及其他措施，这些物品应能满 足患者的正当需求，并且对患者及对社会产生尽 可能少的医疗成本。 daccess-ods.un.org | Pharmaceutical benefits include medicines and [...] health products and the full range of measures designed to ensure that patients receive them in a manner in keeping [...] with their clinical needs, in the exact doses corresponding to their individual requirements, for the [...]appropriate period and at the least cost to them and the community. daccess-ods.un.org |
长期服用类固醇类药物会有严重的不良反应， 因此必须应用最低有效剂量。 thewpca.org | Steroids may have significant side-effects over the long term, [...] so always use the lowest effective dose. thewpca.org |
许多代表团支持通过食品添加剂和污染物法典委员会提出的白米中每公斤 0.4 毫 克镉的拟议最高含量，提及食品添加剂联合专家委员会第六十四届会议关于摄入量和 剂量反应评估 ，该项评估的结论是每公斤 0.4 毫克的含量足以保护人类健康。 codexalimentarius.org | Many delegations supported the adoption of the proposed maximum level of 0.4 mg/kg for Cadmium in polished rice as proposed by CCFAC, referring to the 64th JECFA intake and exposure assessment which had concluded that the level of 0.4 mg /kg was sufficient to protect human health. codexalimentarius.org |
这些进展有利于接受MP系统成为达到药 物释放谱、结合给药和小儿/老年人有 效剂量 范 围 的平台。 colorcon.com.cn | These advances have facilitated the acceptance of MP systems as [...] platforms for achieving a range of drug release profiles, combination [...] drug delivery, and effective pediatric/geriatric dosing. colorcon.com |
由于在 2005 年的 [...] 85%削减目标之前没有任何适用于 CTC 的冻结期，而且原来 确定的反应剂使用数量有限，其他反 应剂应 用 当 中的大多数 CTC 用户只是在最近才 获悉 2005 年和 [...]2010 年削减目标。 multilateralfund.org | Since there was no freeze period applying to CTC prior to the 85% reduction target in 2005, and the number of initially [...] identified PA uses was limited, [...] most users of CTC in other PA applications have only recently become aware [...]about the requirements [...]of the 2005 and 2010 reduction targets. multilateralfund.org |
中等体积的自动分配装置是专为样品 供 应量 较 少 和/或必须使用非水系分 散 剂 的 应 用 而 设计。 malvern.com.cn | A medium volume automated dispersion unit specifically designed for applications where sample is in short supply and/or non-aqueous dispersants are necessary. malvern.com |
据发表在10月17日发表在《美国医学会杂志》上的一项研究披露，在坦桑尼亚的感染了人类免疫缺陷性病毒（HIV）的病人中，与给予标 准 剂量 的 多 种维生素补充剂相比，在开始具有高度活性的抗逆转录病毒疗法后给予 高 剂量 的 多 种维生素补充剂不会减少HIV疾病进展的风险或死亡率，但却会导致某种肝脏酶水平增高的不良 反 应。 chinese.eurekalert.org | Among patients with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection in Tanzania, high-dose multivitamin supplementation after beginning highly active antiretroviral therapy did not reduce the risk of HIV disease progression or death compared with standard-dose multivitamin [...] supplements, but did result in the adverse [...]effect of increased levels of a certain liver enzyme, according to a study in the Oct. 17 issue of JAMA. chinese.eurekalert.org |
收紧货币是控制价格压力的最有效政 策 ，因为收紧 货币供应量会直 接对信贷的增加产生作用。 daccess-ods.un.org | Monetary tightening is a most effective policy in controlling price pressures [...] because it acts directly on credit build-up. daccess-ods.un.org |
非洲国家一直是杜绝在体育运动中使用兴奋剂基金援助的主要受益者，以根据《反对在 体育运动中使用兴奋剂国际 公约》制定和实施 有 效 的 反兴 奋 剂 计 划。 unesdoc.unesco.org | African countries have been the principle beneficiaries of assistance from the Fund for the [...] Elimination of Doping [...] in Sport to develop and implement effective anti-doping programmes in accordance [...]with the Convention. unesdoc.unesco.org |
我们也想知道，安慰剂效应是否 也是一个因素；她十分确信饮食疗法会起作用，这也许是心理驱动力产生了身理上的效果。 shanghai.ufh.com.cn | We also wonder whether the placebo effect was a factor; [...] she was so convinced the diet would work that the psychological [...]drive produced physical results. beijing.ufh.com.cn |
经讨论后，执行委员会决定核准在巴西聚氨酸泡沫塑料制造业中将甲酸甲酯确认为 一种发泡剂的试验项目（第一阶段），总费用为 401,500 美元，外加开发计划署的机构支 助费用 30,113 美元，同时指出，该项目符合第 55/43(e)号决定，其目的是在全球传播经过 确认的在硬质聚氨酯整皮泡沫塑料用途中使用的甲酸甲酯技术，且有一项谅解，即：该项 目是关于甲酸甲酯在硬质聚氨酯整皮泡沫塑料制造中 的 应 用 的 最后确认项目，且核准该项 目不妨碍执行委员会审议今后为该项目第二阶段提出的供资申请。 multilateralfund.org | Following a discussion, the Executive Committee decided to approve the pilot project for validation of methyl formate as a blowing agent in the manufacture of polyurethane foam (phase I) in Brazil at a total cost of US $401,500 plus agency support costs of US $30,113 for UNDP, noting that the project was consistent with decision 55/43(e) and that it had been designed to disseminate the results from the validation of methyl formate technology in rigid and integral skin polyurethane foam applications globally, and on the understanding that the project would be the final validation project for methyl formate in the manufacture of rigid and integral skin polyurethane foams, and that approval of the project was without prejudice to consideration of the future funding request for phase II of the project by the Executive Committee. multilateralfund.org |
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