| 单词 | 判例法 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 释义 | 判例法 noun —case law nSee also:判例 n—jurisprudence n 判例 pl—precedents pl 判 n—judge n • sentence n 法例 n—law n • statutory n • piece n
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国际公约和国际判例法所体 现的 理由似乎基本上受到公共秩序和国家安全的限制，虽然国家立法规定了各种其他 [...] 的理由。 daccess-ods.un.org | The grounds embodied in international conventions and [...] international case law appeared to be limited [...]basically to public order and national [...]security, although national legislation provided for various other grounds. daccess-ods.un.org |
此外，国际判例法很少透露公共秩序和国家安全概念的内容，其中很大 部分由国内法律予以确定。 daccess-ods.un.org | In addition, [...] international case law yielded little information [...]about the content of the notions of public order and national [...]security, which were very largely determined by domestic law. daccess-ods.un.org |
数据库还载有各项国际法律文书的案文及其批 [...] 准现状和各区域组织通过的反恐公约完整清单以及相 关 判例法。 daccess-ods.un.org | It also contains the text of international legal instruments and their ratification [...] status and a complete list of counter-terrorism conventions adopted by regional organizations as [...] well as relevant case law. daccess-ods.un.org |
已经有人指出，必须谨慎处理特别制度中的 做 法 和 判例法 ， 例 如 难 民法、 保护人权的区域机制或欧洲联盟的法律。 daccess-ods.un.org | It had been pointed out that caution was needed when dealing [...] with the practice and case law in special regimes such [...]as refugee law, regional mechanisms [...]for protecting human rights or European Union law. daccess-ods.un.org |
至于职业培训方面，律师、公证人和会计师的国 家考试特别要求精通《欧洲人权公约》和有 关 法 院 判例法 方 面 的知识。 daccess-ods.un.org | As far as vocational training was concerned, the State examination for lawyers, notaries [...] and accountants required, in particular, proficient knowledge of the [...] Convention and of the case law of the relevant court. daccess-ods.un.org |
与另一些类别相比，城市法院的 判例法 和 一些行政长官对法院提供的意见具 有坚实的基础，但这些类别不一定受到采取传统模式的国家实践的支持。 daccess-ods.un.org | In other areas there may be a firm basis in the case law of municipal courts and in some executive advice given to courts. daccess-ods.un.org |
换言之，除了以明确或隐含性的方式确定最惠国条款原则上是否包含争端 解决条款，并对有关最惠国条款进行解释以确定其实际上是否适用于争端解决条 [...] 款的两步骤进程外，还有一个可能在 判例法 中 被忽略的先行步骤，该步骤的目的 [...] 确定谁有权受惠，以及是否符合享有这种优惠的前提条件。 daccess-ods.un.org | In other words, instead of a two-step process deciding, explicitly or implicitly, whether in principle MFN clauses covered dispute settlement provisions, and embarking on the interpretation of the MFN provision in question to see whether it applied in fact to dispute settlement [...] provisions, there was a prior step, possibly [...] overlooked in the case-law, aimed at determining [...]who was entitled to benefit and whether [...]the preconditions for access had been fulfilled. daccess-ods.un.org |
有一种观 点认为，那种驱逐形式并不是判例法 所 明 确禁止的，从欧洲人权法院 的 判 例 看来 更是这样。 daccess-ods.un.org | The point was made that that form of expulsion was not [...] categorically prohibited by case law, especially that of the European Court of Human Rights. daccess-ods.un.org |
这些讨论导致编写了大量卷宗，其中汇编了与每个问题有关的各种法律文 献和国家或国际判例法。 daccess-ods.un.org | The outcome of those discussions will be the preparation of [...] voluminous “dossiers” [...] compiling the legal literature and the national or international case law relating to [...]each issue. daccess-ods.un.org |
国家在这方面的判例法是基 于驱逐的目的和有关 国家的意图。 daccess-ods.un.org | National case law in the matter was based [...] on the purpose of the expulsion and on the intention of the States concerned. daccess-ods.un.org |
例如，上诉司工作人员 现在已承担下列责任：维持前南刑庭的实质和程 序 判例法 摘 要 ，并确保摘要发送 到办公室各部门；协助开发新的检查官办公室网页，以方便收集和制订办公室各 [...] 部门普遍感兴趣的法律资源；负责对办公室实习生的甄选、分配、培训和管理； 定期举办法律顾问会议，以促进办公室内部的交流信息和工作人员司法能力的不 断提高。 daccess-ods.un.org | For example, staff members in the Appeals Division have now assumed responsibility [...] for: maintaining a digest of [...] the Tribunal’s substantive and procedural case law and ensuring its [...]dissemination throughout [...]the Office; assisting with the development of a new web page for the Office to facilitate the collection and development of legal resources of general interest throughout the Office; overseeing the selection, assignment, training and management of interns for the Office; and organizing periodic Legal Advisers’ meetings to promote information-sharing and the continuing legal development of staff within the Office. daccess-ods.un.org |
为了促进法庭工作且扩大了解其案例的机会，尤其是在没有 [...] 因特网的地区，图书馆发行了“卢旺达问题国际法庭基本文件 和 判例法 ” 全 文检 索新 DVD(1995 年至 2009 [...]年)和 CD-ROM(2009 年)。 daccess-ods.un.org | In order to promote the Tribunal’s work and to increase access to its jurisprudence, particularly in areas where the Internet is not available, the Library released new DVD and CD-ROM [...] versions of the full-text searchable “ICTR basic [...] documents and case law”, covering the [...]period 1995-2009 for the DVD and the year 2009 for the CD-ROM. daccess-ods.un.org |
正在开发受教育权数据库，其中将包含各国就教科文组织公约和其他联合国受教 育权条约的批准和报告状态以及国内法律框架 和 判例法 提 供 的信息。 unesdoc.unesco.org | A database on the right to education, which will contain information from countries on the ratification and reporting status of UNESCO Conventions and other [...] United Nations treaties on the right to education as well as [...] domestic legal frameworks and case law, is being [...]developed. unesdoc.unesco.org |
最后，如果判例法 显示 “特别责任和义务”这一短语应用于国家与应 用于权利所有人一样多，或者应用于国家更多，那 [...] 么可能需要重新起草第一句话。 daccess-ods.un.org | Lastly, if the case law indicated that [...] the phrase “special duties and responsibilities” applied as much or more to States [...]than to rights holders, then the first sentence could be redrafted. daccess-ods.un.org |
尽管如此，可以说国内法院的判例法 不 是 不利于生存原 则。 daccess-ods.un.org | Nonetheless, it can be said [...] that the case law of domestic courts is not inimical [...]to the principle of survival. daccess-ods.un.org |
芬兰又提议可以将以下方面作为第十三届大会的主题/重点领域：对于为剥削劳 [...] 工而进行贩运提出具有挑战性的定义，如何使用不同法域的实例 及 判例法 来 界定强 迫劳动和剥削劳工；落实剥削问题指示数并为确定受害人而对主要劳工行动方展开 [...] 培训；就对剥削劳工为目的的贩运展开调查，重点是在各法域展开复杂的调查；主 [...] 要劳工行动方尤其是聘用机构和雇主在预防为剥削劳工进行贩运方面所发挥的作 用；援助受害人，包括向劳工贩运受害人提供帮助，确定受害人的需要，并对既有 措施是否适当而且具有针对性展开评估；以及数据收集问题。 daccess-ods.un.org | Finland further proposed the following possible themes/focus areas for the Thirteenth Congress: the challenging definition of trafficking for labour exploitation and how forced labour and labour [...] exploitation are defined [...] through the use of examples from different jurisdictions and case [...]law; operationalizing the indicators [...]of exploitation and training key labour actors for the identification of victims; the investigation of trafficking for labour exploitation, with a focus on complex investigations across jurisdictions; the role of key labour actors, especially recruitment agencies and employers, in the prevention of trafficking for labour exploitation; victim assistance, including what works for victims of labour trafficking, the definition of victims’ needs and an assessment of whether existing measures are adequate and targeted; and data collection issues. daccess-ods.un.org |
国内最近的判例法显示，目前存在以其他措施代替驱逐的趋势，例如移 交劳改所。 daccess-ods.un.org | Recent domestic case law shows the current [...] trend of substituting expulsion with other measures, such as the transfer to a labour house. daccess-ods.un.org |
自治妇女中心率先进行了题为《反对家庭暴力的 家庭法律保护》和《贝尔格莱德法院 判例法 》 (2 008 年)的判例法研究，进行了塞 尔维亚共和国法院判例法研究( 2009 年)。 daccess-ods.un.org | The Autonomous Women’s Centre was the first to conduct a research of the case law entitled Family Legal Protection [...] against Domestic [...] Violence and the Case law of the Courts in Belgrade (2008) and a research of the case law in the courts in the Republic of Serbia (2009). daccess-ods.un.org |
在决定是否允许缺员仲裁庭继续进行仲裁时，可以尽量考虑的 [...] 其他因素包括相关法律（即法律允许还是限制此种程序）以及关于缺员仲裁庭 的相关判例法。 daccess-ods.un.org | Other factors that might be taken into consideration, to the extent feasible, in deciding whether to allow a truncated tribunal to proceed include the [...] relevant laws (i.e. whether the laws would permit or restrict such a procedure) [...] and relevant case law on truncated tribunals. daccess-ods.un.org |
然而，也有些国家的国内法或判例法 不 要 求存在这样的联系，规定可以 对不在起诉国境内的战争罪嫌疑人提起诉讼(奥地利、加拿大、意大利、德国、 [...] 卢森堡、新西兰和联合王国) 。 daccess-ods.un.org | However, there are other States [...] whose national legislation and case law do not require [...]this link, providing for the possibility [...]of commencing proceedings against a suspected war criminal that is not present in the territory of the prosecuting States (Austria, Canada, Italy, Germany, Luxembourg, New Zealand and the United Kingdom). daccess-ods.un.org |
13 年会的工作一般包括最后审定和通过各工作组提交委员会的案文草案；审议 [...] 各工作组关于各自项目的进度报告；选择今后工作或进一步研究的专题； [...] 报告技术合作和援助活动和与其他国际组织协调工作的情况 ；监测《法规 判例法》系 统的发展情况以及贸易法委员会法规的现状和推广情况 [...]；审议 大会关于贸易法委员会工作的决议；以及行政事项。 uncitral.org | UNCITRAL carries out its work at annual sessions held alternately in New York and Vienna.7 The work at these sessions typically includes finalization and adoption of draft texts referred to the Commission by the working groups; consideration of progress reports of the working groups on their respective projects; selection of topics for future work or further research; reporting on technical assistance activities and coordination of work with other [...] international organizations; monitoring of [...] developments in the Case Law on UNCITRAL Texts [...]system (known as CLOUT) and the status [...]and promotion of UNCITRAL legal texts; consideration of General Assembly resolutions on the work of UNCITRAL; and administrative matters. uncitral.org |
主席，我較早時已經解釋過法案委員會決定由我作為 [...] 代表動議有關修正案，以刪除條例草案第 8(3)條有關基於永久居民身份、居 留權及居住年期而提供有差異的待遇的提述，以便法庭能夠應用現 行 判例 法，以 裁決任何針對內地新移民的歧視行為，根據法例會否構成種族歧視。 legco.gov.hk | Chairman, I have already explained that the Bills Committee has decided to ask me to move amendments in its name to delete the reference to different treatment on the ground of permanent residency, right of abode [...] and length of [...] residence from clause 8(3) to the effect that the Court can apply the existing case law to decide [...]whether any discrimination [...]against new arrivals from the Mainland would constitute racial discrimination under the law. legco.gov.hk |
方案包括：被剥夺自由的人的待遇，关于适当 和合法使用强制手段的培训，纠正制裁和刑罚，以及宪法法律基本知识，其中包 [...] 括《塞尔维亚共和国宪法》、《欧洲人权公约》、《公民及政治权利国际公 约》、《欧洲监狱规则》及欧洲人权 法 院 判例法 所 保 障的基本人权和少数民族权 利。 daccess-ods.un.org | The programme covers the issues of treatment of persons deprived of liberty, training in appropriate and lawful use of means of coercion, imposing corrective sanctions and penology and the basics of the constitutional law including the basic human and minority rights guaranteed by the Constitution of the Republic of Serbia, the European Convention on Human Rights, the International [...] Covenant on Civil and Political Rights, the European Prison [...] Rules and the case law of the European Court of Human Rights. daccess-ods.un.org |
政府根据丹麦的人权义务，包括欧洲人权法院 的 判例法 ， 对 上述做法进 行了评估，并根据评估裁定没有理由提出修改。 daccess-ods.un.org | The Government has assessed the scheme in the light of Denmark’s human rights obligations, including case law from the European Court of Human Rights, and on this basis has found no reason to propose changes. daccess-ods.un.org |
工作组注意到除其他外提到委员会 判例法 的 两 篇学术文章；一篇涉及违反人 权条约义务的国家责任，另一篇涉及欧洲人权法院裁决的一个性别暴力案件。 daccess-ods.un.org | The Working Group took note of two [...] academic articles, referring, inter alia, to [...] the Committee’s case law; one on State [...]responsibility for breaches of human rights [...]treaty obligations and one on a gender-based violence case decided by the European Court of Human Rights. daccess-ods.un.org |
工作组注意到两篇学术文章，其中除其他外，提到委员会 的 判例法 ； 一 篇涉 及委员会在消除性别定型观念方面的作用，另一篇涉及依据《公约》第 [...] 5(a)条消 除性别定型观念义务的尽责标准。 daccess-ods.un.org | The Working Group took note of two [...] academic articles, referring, inter alia, to the [...] Committee’s case law: one on the role [...]of the Committee in eliminating gender stereotyping [...]and another on the due diligence standard with respect to the obligation to eliminate gender stereotypes on the grounds of article 5 (a) of the Convention. daccess-ods.un.org |
赋予穷人权力”工具包包括从不 同国家判例法（包 括非洲的例子）中提取的优良经验，以及旨在宣传标准，让最 弱势、最边缘化的人们能够获得社会产品的基层举措。 unesdoc.unesco.org | The toolkit “Empowering the Poor” [...] includes good practices extracted from comparative national case law (including examples from Africa) [...]as well as grassroots [...]initiatives aimed at disseminating standards with the view to empowering the most vulnerable and marginalized people in their access to social goods. unesdoc.unesco.org |
法规判例法》系 统依赖公约缔约国或已基于示范法颁布立法的国家 指定的国家通信员。52 国家通信员需要收集判决和裁决，用联合国正式语文 [...] 之一编写摘要，并将文本和摘要发给贸易法委员会秘书处。 cnudci.org | The CLOUT system relies on national correspondents designated [...] either by States parties to a convention or by States having [...]enacted legislation based on a model law.52 National correspondents are requested to collect decisions and awards, prepare abstracts of them in one of the official languages of the United Nations and forward both the text and the abstract to the UNCITRAL secretariat. cnudci.org |
為了確定隨機呼氣測試不屬對《基本法》及《香 [...] 港人權法案》所保障的私生活權利構成不能容許的侵 擾，涂謹申議員認為不應單靠隨機呼氣測試屬合情合 理，不屬任意及與保障公眾安全的需要相稱的假定，政 府當局應進一步研究其他地區與隨機呼氣測試相似 的判 例法，以便為日後在法律上可能受到的挑戰作好準備。 legco.gov.hk | In order to ascertain that RBT was not an impermissible interference with the right to privacy protected by the Basic Law and the Hong Kong Bill of Rights, Mr James TO opined that instead of simply relying on the premise that RBT was considered reasonable, non-arbitrary and was proportionate for the protection of public safety, the Administration [...] should conduct further [...] research on case law in other areas which were analogous to RBTs so as to prepare themselves for possible legal challenge [...]in future. legco.gov.hk |
秘书处还帮助委员会发挥以下职能：协调和促进其他组织的工作； 通过《法规判例法》系统促进法律标准的统一解释；编写和推广贸易 [...] 法委员会出版物；组织特别活动。 uncitral.org | The secretariat also assists the Commission in its functions of coordinating [...] the work of other organizations; [...] promoting the work of UNCITRAL within the broader [...]United Nations agenda (see paras. 67-68); [...]promoting the uniform interpretation of legal standards through the CLOUT system; and organizing special events. uncitral.org |
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