| 单词 | 刑责 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 释义 | 刑责 noun —criminal liability nSee also:刑 n—punishment n • torture n • corporal punishment n • penalty n • sentence n
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结束有罪不罚的现象不仅对于追究犯有严重罪行的个 人 刑责 、 而 且对于维护 和平、真相、和解以及受害者的权利都至关重要。 daccess-ods.un.org | Ending impunity is essential not only for the [...] purposes of individual criminal responsibility for serious crimes, [...]but also for peace, truth, reconciliation [...]and the rights of the victims. daccess-ods.un.org |
此外，国际法要求对 可能对国际罪行负有刑责的人 进行起诉。 daccess-ods.un.org | Moreover, international law requires the prosecution of [...] individuals who may be criminally responsible for international crimes. daccess-ods.un.org |
国家承担国际责任并不意味着个人不必承担个 人刑责。 daccess-ods.un.org | The fact that the State bears [...] international responsibility does not mean that individuals cannot also bear individual criminal liability. daccess-ods.un.org |
我们的出发点是这样一个强烈的认识，即没有正义就不可能有长期和可持续 的和平。结束有罪不罚的现象不仅对于追究个 人 刑责 、 而 且对于维护和平、真相、 和解以及受害者的权利都至关重要。 daccess-ods.un.org | We proceed from the strong understanding that there can be no long-term and sustainable peace without justice and that ending impunity for the most serious international crimes is [...] essential not only for the [...] purposes of individual criminal responsibility, but also for peace, [...]truth, reconciliation and the rights of the victims. daccess-ods.un.org |
该法把我 2005 年关 [...] 于儿童与武装冲突问题的报告(S//72)中认定的 6 种严重侵犯儿童的行为定为犯 罪，把刑责年龄 从 10 岁提高到了 12 岁，并对绑架儿童罪规定了更严厉的惩罚。 daccess-ods.un.org | The Act criminalizes the six grave violations against children identified in my 2005 report on children and [...] armed conflict (S/2005/72), [...] increases the age of criminal responsibility from 10 to 12 years [...]and imposes stronger punishment for child abduction. daccess-ods.un.org |
追究联合国官员和特派专家的刑事责任 [P.78]。 daccess-ods.un.org | Criminal accountability of United Nations [...] officials and experts on mission [P.78]. daccess-ods.un.org |
( 第四条、第五条(丑) 项和第七条) 委员会敦促缔约国加大力度打击并预防种族原因引发的犯罪，特别是对罗姆 人、犹太人及非欧盟移徙者的暴力行为，确保适当调查并起诉所有种族主义暴力 行为，惩罚施暴者，将此类行为的种族主义动机视为可加 重 刑责 的 情 节。 daccess-ods.un.org | The Committee urges the State party to intensify its efforts to combat and prevent racially motivated offenses, in particular violence against Roma, Jews, and non-EU migrants, including by ensuring that all racially-motivated acts of violence are duly investigated and prosecuted, and that perpetrators are punished, taking into account the racial motivation of such acts as an aggravating circumstance. daccess-ods.un.org |
刑法》总则规定，帮助和教唆是参与刑事犯罪的一种形式(刑事犯罪也适 用与恐怖主义有关的犯罪)，并阐明了承 担 刑 事 责 任 条件和惩罚从犯。 daccess-ods.un.org | The general part of the Criminal Code defines aiding and abetting as the forms of participation in criminal offences (which also [...] apply to terrorism-related offences), setting out the [...] conditions for criminal liability and [...]the punishment of accomplices. daccess-ods.un.org |
公约》审查期间进行的讨论要点如下： [...] 将纳入新条款的文书形式；对受一般保护和特 [...] 别保护的文化财产而言“军事需要”概念的定 义；改进特别保护制度；对严重违法行为和破 坏文化财产行为的制裁以及其他相关问题，如 个人的刑事责任、国家责任和刑事事 项中的互 助；改进非国际性冲突中对文化财产的保护； 以及建立监测《公约》及新协定执行情况的监 [...]督机构。 unesdoc.unesco.org | The main points of discussion during the review of the Convention were the following: the form of the instrument which would incorporate the new provisions; the definition of the notion of “military necessity” with regard to cultural property under general as well as special protection; improvements in the regime of special protection; sanctions for grave breaches and other violations against cultural property and other [...] related issues such as [...] individual criminal responsibility, responsibility of States and mutual assistance in criminal matters; improvement [...]in the protection [...]of cultural property in conflicts not of an international character; and establishment of a supervisory body which would monitor the implementation of the Convention and the new agreement. unesdoc.unesco.org |
为了进行更加全面的保护，鼓励各国根据国际法采取各种适当的措施与其他有关国家进行合 作，以便确立有关的司法管辖权，并对那些犯有或下令犯有上述行为（VII.个人 的 刑 事 责 任 ） 并在 该国领土被发现的个人（不论其国籍如何以及该行为在何处发生）予以有效的刑事制裁。 unesdoc.unesco.org | For the purposes of more comprehensive protection, each State is encouraged to take all appropriate measures, in accordance with international law, to cooperate with other States concerned with a view to establishing [...] jurisdiction over, and [...] providing effective criminal sanctions against, those persons who have committed or have ordered to be committed acts referred to above (VII – Individual criminal responsibility) and who are found [...]present on its territory, [...]regardless of their nationality and the place where such act occurred. unesdoc.unesco.org |
根据《乌兹别克斯坦共和国刑法》第 156 条规定，对煽动民族、种族或宗 教仇恨，即蓄意侮辱民族荣誉和尊严，旨在引起对其他民族群体、种族群体或族 [...] 裔群体的仇视、不容忍或不和，以及根据民族、种族和族裔归属，直接或间接地 限制特权，或给予特权的行为，要追 究 刑 事 责 任。 daccess-ods.un.org | According to article 156 of the Criminal Code, incitement to ethnic, racial or religious hatred, i.e. deliberate acts injurious to national honour and dignity perpetrated with a view to arousing hatred, intolerance or grievances with respect to any population group on grounds of national origin, race or ethnic affiliation, as well as the imposition of direct or indirect restrictions or the [...] granting of direct or indirect privileges on grounds of national origin, race or ethnic [...] affiliation, are criminal offences. daccess-ods.un.org |
因此，乌克兰《刑法典》载有在某种程度上涉及可能扩散大规模毁灭性武器 活动的刑事责任的八项条款：第 258 条(恐怖主义法)；第 [...] 261 条(对包含有可能 严重威胁环境的物体的设施发动的进攻)；第 321 条(非法生产、制造、获得、运 输、转让和储存有毒及烈性物质用于出售目的或出售这些物质)；第 [...]326 条(违反 关于处理微生物或其他生物物剂或毒素)；第 333 条(从乌克兰非法出口原材料、 投入、设备和技术用于制造武器，以及非法出口军事和专门技术)；第 439 条(使 用大规模毁灭性武器)；第 440 条(发展、生产、获得、储存、销售和运输大规模 毁灭性武器)；以及第 441 条(生态灭绝)。 daccess-ods.un.org | The Criminal Code of Ukraine thus contains eight [...] articles which in one way or another are [...] concerned with criminal liability for activities [...]involving the potential proliferation [...]of weapons of mass destruction: article 258 (Terrorist act); article 261 (Attacks on facilities which contain objects posing a heightened risk to the environment); article 321 (Illegal production, manufacture, acquisition, transport, transfer and stockpiling for sales purposes or sale of toxic and potent substances); article 326 (Infringement of the rules on handling microbiological or other biological agents or toxins); article 333 (Illegal export from Ukraine of raw materials, inputs, equipment and technology for weapons manufacture, and also military and specialized technology); article 439 (Use of weapons of mass destruction); article 440 (Development, production, acquisition, stockpiling, sale and transport of weapons of mass destruction); and article 441 (Ecocide). daccess-ods.un.org |
同样，德国报告称，行为人受酒精或药 物影响而犯下罪行的，不会免除其刑 事 责 任。 daccess-ods.un.org | Similarly, Germany reported that criminal liability would not be precluded when a perpetrator had acted under the influence of alcohol or drugs. daccess-ods.un.org |
鉴于在广泛讨论中提出的关切，委员会商定，有关该议题的工作只应 [...] 侧重于在破产情况下产生的职责和责任，而无意涵 盖 刑 事 责 任 各 个领域或处理 公司法的核心领域。 daccess-ods.un.org | In the light of concerns raised during extensive discussion, the Commission agreed that the focus of the work on that topic should only be upon those responsibilities and liabilities that arose in the context of [...] insolvency, and that it was not intended [...] to cover areas of criminal liability or to [...]deal with core areas of company law. daccess-ods.un.org |
确确实实发生过前面提到的一些情况，这一点是不容置疑的，不过这些大 概是孤立事件，并且想必已经及时向检察机关提出了指控，从而以犯酷刑罪追 求有关负责人的刑事责任(根据《刑法 》第 209-A 条)。 daccess-ods.un.org | If any such act were to have occurred, it would undoubtedly have been an isolated incident, and would have been duly reported to the Public Prosecutor’s Office, in order to hold the perpetrators criminally liable for the offence of torture (Criminal Code, art. 209A). daccess-ods.un.org |
然而，委员会还是对以下情况感到关注：缔约国中的很 [...] 多人仍然认为体罚有时还是必要的；申诉专员办公室收到了儿童与青少年大量关 于受到教师虐待的投诉和咨询；只有在儿童因为体罚而受伤的情况下，才追究肇 事者的刑事责任。 daccess-ods.un.org | However, it remains concerned that: corporal punishment is still perceived as sometimes necessary by a large percentage of the population; the Office of the Ombudsman has received a high number of complaints and queries from children and adolescents regarding mistreatment by [...] teachers; and perpetrators are only [...] being held criminally responsible when the corporal [...]punishment has resulted in physical injuries. daccess-ods.un.org |
(a) 安全理事会可以在针对特定任务的决议中写入条文，鼓励派遣或借调人 [...] 员的国家采取适当预防措施，包括进行部署前训练，并且要能够追究犯罪人员的 刑事责任；12 (b) 大会可以通过维持和平行动特别委员会，请秘书长继续在联合国与派遣 [...] 建制警察部队的会员国缔结的谅解备忘录中写入类似条文，并请有关会员国同意 列入这种条文。 pseataskforce.org | (a) The Security Council could include language in the mission-specific resolutions, encouraging countries contributing or seconding personnel to take appropriate preventative action, including the conduct of predeployment training, and to be in a [...] position to hold such persons who [...] commit crimes accountable for that criminal conduct;12 (b) [...]The General Assembly, through [...]the Special Committee on Peacekeeping Operations, could request the Secretary-General to continue to include similar language in the memorandum of understanding that is developed between the United Nations and a Member State contributing a formed police unit, and that the relevant Member State agree to this inclusion. pseataskforce.org |
(e) 没有提供充分资料，按照《公约》第40 条规定，说明12岁( 目前规定 的最低刑事责任年 龄) 以下犯法儿童的待遇，或存在于司法系统之外的解决与法 [...] 律冲突问题的任何系统。 daccess-ods.un.org | (e) There is insufficient information provided on the treatment of children [...] below the age of 12 (the present [...] minimum age of criminal responsibility) in conflict with [...]the law or at the existence of [...]any system for resolution of conflicts with the law outside of the judicial system, as per article 40 of the Convention. daccess-ods.un.org |
我 们认为必须制止有罪不罚现象，这不仅是为了确定个 人对引发国际关切的最为严重罪行的 刑 事 责 任 ，而且 也是为了确保可持续和平、真相、和解、受害者权益 [...] 乃至整个社会的福祉。 daccess-ods.un.org | We believe that ending impunity is essential, not [...] only for the purposes of [...] identifying individual criminal responsibility for the most serious [...]crimes of international concern [...]but also for ensuring sustainable peace, truth, reconciliation, the rights and interests of victims and the well-being of society at large. daccess-ods.un.org |
建议秘书长成立一个专家小组来研究这一问题，并就以下问题向大会 [...] 提出建议：是否可以拟订一项国际公约或采用其他办法，确保追究在维持和平地 区犯有明确规定罪行的联合国工作人员和特派专家 的 刑 事 责 任。 pseataskforce.org | It is recommended that the Secretary General establish a group of experts to study the issue and make recommendations to the General Assembly on whether an international convention or other means could be used to ensure that United Nations staff [...] and experts on mission who commit defined crimes in peacekeeping [...] areas are held criminally accountable for their actions. pseataskforce.org |
民法和刑法下的董事责任和准刑 法性 质的被免除全都由国内法管治，这样人们难以 弄清如何才能确定跨国界性质的责任。 daccess-ods.un.org | The liabilities of directors [...] under civil and criminal law and disqualification, which was quasi-criminal in nature, [...]were all governed by domestic [...]law so it was hard to see how it would be possible to determine liability on a transnational basis. daccess-ods.un.org |
美国的刑事程序法包括联邦宪法判例法以及联邦与各州法规，它们负责执法机构和监狱系统的建立和运作，并 负 责刑 事 审 判程序。 wipo.int | The U.S. law of criminal procedure consists of federal constitutional case law as well as federal and state statutes [...] that govern the creation and operation of law enforcement agencies, prison systems, [...] and proceedings in criminal trials. wipo.int |
还鼓励各国政府在其代 表团中列入负责刑事事 项国际合作的中央机构的代表和对议程所涉问题拥有专 [...] 长的其他政府代表。 daccess-ods.un.org | Governments are also encouraged to include in their delegations representatives of [...] central authorities in charge of international [...] cooperation in criminal matters and other [...]Government representatives with expertise [...]in the issues covered in the agenda. daccess-ods.un.org |
(a) 明确地重申：绝对禁止施用酷刑并 公开 谴 责 酷 刑 的 做 法，尤其禁止警 察和监狱管理人员这样做，附带明确警告：凡是犯下这种行为的人、或与之同谋 [...] 或参与施用酷刑的个人，将为这类行为承担法律责任，并且受到刑事起诉和适当 的处罚 daccess-ods.un.org | (a) Unambiguously reaffirm the absolute [...] prohibition of torture and publicly condemn practices of torture, especially [...]by the police and prison [...]personnel, accompanied by a clear warning that anyone committing such acts, or otherwise complicit or participating in torture will be held personally responsible before the law for such acts and will be subject to criminal prosecution and appropriate penalties daccess-ods.un.org |
委员会敦促缔约国立即采取有效措施，调查、起诉和惩治所有酷刑行为，包 括明确重申坚决禁止酷刑，并公开谴 责 酷 刑 做 法，尤其是警方、典狱官和埃 塞俄比亚国防军的此类做法，同时明确警告，凡是犯下这种行为的人，或与 [...] 之同谋或参与实施酷刑的个人，将为此类行为承担法律责任，并且受到刑事 起诉和适当处罚。 daccess-ods.un.org | The Committee urges the State party to take immediate and effective measures to investigate, prosecute and punish all acts of torture and to ensure that torture is not used by law enforcement personnel, including by unambiguously reaffirming [...] the absolute prohibition of torture [...] and publicly condemning practices of torture, especially [...]by the police, prison officers [...]and members of the Ethiopian National Defense Force (ENDF), accompanied by a clear warning that anyone committing such acts or otherwise complicit or participating in torture will be held personally responsible before the law for such acts and will be subject to criminal prosecution and appropriate penalties. daccess-ods.un.org |
工会多次建议政府在《刑法》中列入侵犯《经济、社会、文化权利国际公 约》规定的工会权利应负的刑事和行 政 责 任 ， 但尚未获接受，理由是“关于工会 的刑事和行政立法，其适用目的不明确，因为它们在特征上不具社会危险性”。 daccess-ods.un.org | The trade unions have sent repeatedly to the Government proposals to include criminal and administrative liability for the breach of the trade union rights provided for, including in International Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights, but they have not been accepted due to the reason that “application of the criminal and administrative legislation on trade unions is not purposeful, because their character is not a socially dangerous one”. daccess-ods.un.org |
2006 年，国际法学家委员会就下列一般性意见草案提交了法律意见书：(a)人权事 务委员会关于在法院和法庭前一律平等和获得公正审判的权利的第 32 号一般性 意见草案；(b)2007 年经济、社会和文化权利委员会关于享有社会安全权利的第 19 号一般性意见草案；(c)禁止酷刑委员会关于禁止 酷 刑 和 缔 约国 有 责 任 执 行《禁 止酷刑和其他残忍、不人道或有辱人格的待遇或处罚公约 》第二条规定的第 2 号一般性意见草案；以及(d) 人权事务委员会关于在法院和法庭面前一律平等和 获得公正审判的权利的第 32 号一般性意见草案提交的第二份意见书。 daccess-ods.un.org | In 2006, ICJ submitted legal comments on draft general comments as follows: (a) draft general comment No. 32 of the Human Rights Committee on the right to equality before courts and tribunals and to a fair trial; (b) in 2007, draft general comment No. 19 of the Committee on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights on the right to social security; (c) draft general comment No. 2 of the Committee against Torture on the prohibition of torture and the duty of the States parties to implement article 2 of the Convention against Torture, Other Cruel, Inhuman or Degrading Treatment or Punishment; and (d) second submission on draft general comment No. 32 in the Human Rights Committee on the right to equality before courts and tribunals and to a fair trial. daccess-ods.un.org |
咨询委员会获悉，任职者将负责与包 括以下各方的各办公室和实体进行协调和联络：信息和通信技术厅，以解决与系 统托管有关的问题；供应商，涉及技术事项和设备升级；安全和安保部，涉及周 边安全进出管制；“团结”项目工作队，涉及人力资源数据和资产管理；国 际刑 事警察组织(国际刑警组 织)，涉及丢失或被盗的旅行证件数据库；以及国际民用 航空组织。 daccess-ods.un.org | The Advisory Committee was informed that the [...] incumbent would be responsible for coordinating and liaising with various offices and entities, including with the Office of Information and Communications Technology to address issues related to the hosting of the system; the vendor in relation to the technical matters and upgrading of equipment; the Department of Safety and Security for perimeter security access control; the Umoja project team for human resources data and asset management; the International Criminal Police Organization [...](INTERPOL) for a [...]lost or stolen travel document database; and the International Civil Aviation Organization. daccess-ods.un.org |
援助侧重于以下几个方面：(a)建立符合国际标 准和规范的法律和政策框架；(b)加强国内机构特别是反腐败机构 和 刑 事 司 法机 关的能力，以便以综合协调的方式有效预防和控制腐败；(c)在公共和私营部 门，包括在公共资源管理方面，增强廉洁和 问 责 制 并 提高透明度；(d)协助有关 政府机关进行国际合作并在国内和国际范围追回资产；(e)与国际社会成员和联 合国系统成员发展战略性和主题性的合作伙伴关系，以确保技术援助提供工作 的一致性；(f)支助建立网络和平台，使会员国在区域和国际层面进行政策对话 [...] 和同侪学习。 daccess-ods.un.org | Assistance focuses on (a) establishing legal and policy frameworks consistent with international standards and norms; (b) strengthening the capacity of domestic institutions, [...] in particular [...] anti-corruption bodies and criminal justice institutions, to effectively prevent and control corruption in an integrated and coordinated way; (c) enhancing integrity, accountability and transparency in public and private [...]sectors, including [...]the management of public resources; (d) supporting relevant Government institutions in international cooperation and the recovery of assets at the domestic and international levels; (e) development of strategic and thematic partnerships with members of the international community and United Nations system to ensure coherency in the delivery of technical assistance; and (f) supporting the establishment of networks and platforms for policy dialogue and peer learning among Member States at the regional and international levels. daccess-ods.un.org |
欧洲联盟呼吁针对贫困和艾滋病毒/艾滋病进 行更坚决的斗争，它们是剥夺权利的代名词，呼吁 以通过必要的规范性文书的方式更坚决地促进经 济、社会和文化权利，呼吁坚决谴责 酷 刑 或 其 他残 忍、不人道或有辱人格的待遇，呼吁更积极地支持 所有人权维护者，欧洲联盟对他们不顾巨大的危险 完成的工作表示敬意。 daccess-ods.un.org | The European Union believed that a more determined effort must be made to fight poverty and HIV/AIDS, which were synonymous with denial of rights; the economic, social and cultural rights must be [...] more vigorously [...] promoted through legislation; torture and other cruel, inhuman or degrading treatment or punishment had to be firmly condemned; and all human [...]rights defenders, [...]whom it hailed for working in the face of considerable risk, should be strongly supported. daccess-ods.un.org |
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