| 单词 | 分权制衡 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 释义 | 分权制衡 —separation of powers for checks and balancesSee also:分权 n—decentralization n • decentralisationBE n 分权—separation of powers 制衡 pl—balances pl 制衡—checks and balances • check and balance (power)
|
宪法》指出 罗马尼亚是一个议会制共和国，规定多元化、政府各部 门 分权制衡 、 市 场经济和 尊重人权。 daccess-ods.un.org | The Constitution states that Romania is a parliamentary [...] republic and provides for pluralism, [...] separation of powers between branches of government, a market economy and respect for human rights. daccess-ods.un.org |
一些值得宪法关注的关键问题如分权 、制 衡、权 力下放以及区议会和最高酋长的作用都没有得到妥善处理。 daccess-ods.un.org | A number of key issues that warrant constitutional [...] attention, such as separation of powers, checks and balances, decentralization, [...]and the role of district [...]councils and paramount chiefs were not adequately addressed. daccess-ods.un.org |
但是，任何以强化总统权力或压制反对力量为目的的宪法修正案都会进一步动摇本已残损 的 分权制衡 机 制。 crisisgroup.org | Any constitutional amendment aiming at concentrating more power at the level of the [...] presidency or controlling dissenting voices, however, would pose a threat [...] to already weakened mechanisms of checks and balances. crisisgroup.org |
而如今分权制衡的制 度几乎已然形同虚设；总统府裁减了行政、立法和司法三方的权力；公民自由屡受威胁；关键的机构改革——地方分权和安全部门重组——无重大进展。 crisisgroup.org | Civil liberties are regularly [...] threatened, and key institutional reforms – decentralisation and the security [...]sector – have made no significant progress. crisisgroup.org |
宪法和法案明确确认分 权制系为确保问责和公正的制约和制 衡 举 措。 daccess-ods.un.org | This separation of powers is clearly identified in the constitution and acts as checks and balances to ensure accountability [...] and impartiality. daccess-ods.un.org |
最不发达国家有权利和责任来制定和执行本国协调一致的经济 与发展的政策和战略，并确定自身的国家优先事项，包括实现资源在经济和社会 部门之间的平衡分配。 daccess-ods.un.org | Least developed [...] countries have the right and responsibility to formulate and execute their own coherent economic and development policies and strategies and identify their own national priorities, including striking a balance in the allocation of resources [...]between economic and social sectors. daccess-ods.un.org |
然而，规划和预算过程并不 能由技术专家做所有的决策；为不可避免地政 策 权衡 ， 制 订 有效、民主合法和可 持续的解决方法需要有充分的透明度，并需要所涉人们的真正参与。 daccess-ods.un.org | Moreover, planning and budgeting processes cannot leave all decision-making to technical [...] experts; full transparency [...] and meaningful participation by the people affected are required for devising effective, democratically legitimate [...]and sustainable [...]solutions to the inevitable policy trade-offs. daccess-ods.un.org |
主讲 人在回应此请求时指出，比较而言，总统制和议会制 产生选举暴力的可能性不分上下，而该可能性取决于 权力的集中度和所设立的制衡机制，尤其是因为选举 从根本上讲属于政治活动而非技术活动。 daccess-ods.un.org | In response, the panellists suggested that, comparatively, neither the presidential system nor the [...] parliamentary system had more or less likelihood of electoral violence per se, and that the probability depended on [...] the concentration of power and on the checks and balances in place, the more so since elections were fundamentally [...]political and not technical. daccess-ods.un.org |
这些研究包括：所有人权的不可分割 、 相互联系和相互依存；经济、社会和文 化权 利的可诉性；关于衡量实 施经济、社会和文化权利，特别是接受教育权利指标的现状，以及 参与文化生活的权利和接受教育的权利。 unesdoc.unesco.org | These studies [...] concern: the indivisibility, interrelation and interdependence of all human rights; the enforceability of economic, social and cultural rights; the state of the art with regard to indicators to measure [...]the implementation of [...]economic, social and cultural rights and in particular the right to education and the right to take part in cultural life and the right to education. unesdoc.unesco.org |
虽然每个具体案例都将得到处理，但 主要由于近来通过的法律保障了表达自由，以及适 当 制衡 和 有效的司法系统，整 体人权状况是好的。 daccess-ods.un.org | Although each individual case would be tackled, the overall human rights situation was rather good thanks notably to freedom of expression guaranteed by a recently adopted legislation and to a properly proportioned and efficient judicial system. daccess-ods.un.org |
13 个职业类主管人员中的每个人都将继续负责审查申请，确定由专题专家 [...] (即专家组)进一步评估的候选人，担任其负责范围内的专家组的秘书并合并专家 组的结论和面试报告以提交外地中央审查机构，监测其分管的职业类职位在外地 行动中的在职率，管理其分管的 名册， 编 制 外 地 行动方案主管人短名单并确定何 时应进行外联活动，以处理名册中存在的差距，特别是性别 均 衡 和 地 域代表性方 面的差距，确定外地在职工作人员的流动机会，以便工作人员在相关工作地点之 间轮调。 daccess-ods.un.org | Each of the 13 Occupational Group Managers would continue the responsibilities for reviewing applications, identifying candidates for further assessment by subject matter experts, that is, expert panels, serving as Secretary for the expert panel under his or her purview and consolidating findings and interview reports from the panel for presentation to the Field Central Review Bodies, monitoring [...] incumbency rates in the field [...] operations for positions in his or her occupational group, managing his or her assigned roster, developing shortlists for programme managers in the field operations and determining when [...]outreach activities [...]should be conducted to address gaps in the roster, especially in gender and geographic representation, and determining the mobility opportunities for staff members currently serving in the field so as to rotate staff among relevant duty stations. daccess-ods.un.org |
权力分立学说要求 立法、执法和司法彼此分开，以便在 制 度 中彼 此 制衡 ， 确保问责制和公正。 daccess-ods.un.org | The doctrine of separation of powers requires the legislature, executive, and judiciary to be kept separate from each other to provide checks and balances within the system [...] and to ensure accountability and impartiality. daccess-ods.un.org |
代表团特别强调下列 各项实际措施：促进海洋科学研究；制定研究活动的行为守则；进行环境影响评 估,包括在环境影响评估一般进程内制定对海洋遗传资源影响的评估准则；建立 合作机制，分享海洋遗传资源研究产生的信息和知识，包括让更多发展中国家的 研究人员参与相关的研究项目；建立海洋保护区，讨论利益分享的切实选择方案， 包括便利于获取实例的选择方案；审议国家管辖范围以外区域海洋遗传资源的知 识产权问题。 daccess-ods.un.org | Notably, delegations highlighted the following practical measures: promotion of marine scientific research; development of codes of conduct for research activities; environmental impact assessments, including the development of guidance on assessments of impacts on marine genetic resources within the general process of environmental [...] impact assessment; [...] establishment of mechanisms for cooperation, sharing of information and knowledge resulting from research on marine genetic resources, including by increasing participation of researchers from developing countries in relevant research projects; establishment of marine protected areas, discussion of practical options for benefit-sharing, including options for facilitating access to samples; and consideration of the intellectual property aspects [...]of marine genetic [...]resources beyond areas of national jurisdiction. daccess-ods.un.org |
现在的纳米技术研究应当作为制衡机 制 的一 部分而处 于社会政策的中心而不应是构成这 一政策的基础。 unesdoc.unesco.org | Existing research in nanotechnology [...] should be at the centre of [...] social policy as part of a system of checks and balances, not as the foundation [...]for that policy. unesdoc.unesco.org |
在应对这些挑战时，决策者必须制定 全 面和综合的办法来处理能源安全问题，使他 们得以实事求是地评估能源安全与其他发展政策目标之间的种 种 权衡 取 舍 问题。 daccess-ods.un.org | In addressing these [...] challenges, policymakers need to develop a holistic and integrated approach to energy security that enables them to evaluate realistically various trade-offs with other development policy [...]objectives. daccess-ods.un.org |
除法例另有规定外，本公司不会确认任何人士为以任何信托方式持有 任何股份，而本公司不应以任何方式被约束或强迫认可（即使已获有关通告）任何 股份的任何衡平、或然、未来或部 分权 益 、或股份中的任何零碎部分的任何权益， 或（除该等细则或法例另有规定者外）有关任何股份的任何其他权利，惟有关登记 持有人就其整体的绝对权利除外。 aactechnologies.com | Except as required by law, no person shall be recognised by the Company as holding any share upon any trust and the Company shall not be bound by or required in any way to recognise (even when having notice thereof) any equitable, contingent, future or partial interest in any share or any fractional part of a share or (except only as otherwise provided by these Articles or by law) any other rights in respect of any share except an absolute right to the entirety thereof in the registered holder. aactechnologies.com |
较建立的竞争制度应该小心权衡实行 刑事处 罚的利弊，因为实行刑事处罚可能会有更多的挑战。 daccess-ods.un.org | Younger competition regimes should carefully balance the advantages and disadvantages of introducing criminal sanctions, which may [...] prove more challenging to enforce. daccess-ods.un.org |
新《宪法》包含的一些其他主要积极改革是：限制总统任期次数，取消竞选 总统的性别限制，确 保行政、立法和司 法 权 力 的有 效 分权 ， 创 建一个新最高法 院，引入政党，以及议会对重大公共任命实行监督。 daccess-ods.un.org | Some of the other major positive reforms included in the new Constitution are: limiting the number of Presidential terms, removing the [...] gender bar on running [...] for presidency, ensuring an effective separation of powers between the executive, legislature [...]and judiciary, [...]creating a new Supreme Court, and introducing political parties and parliamentary oversight for important public appointments. daccess-ods.un.org |
每 个国家政府都应在接受国际规则和承诺的益处与丧失政策空间所带来 的 制 约两 者之间权衡利弊。 daccess-ods.un.org | It is for each Government to evaluate the trade-off [...] between the benefits of accepting international rules and [...] commitments and the constraints posed by the loss [...]of policy space. daccess-ods.un.org |
同样， [...] 尽管我曾希望在担任首席辩护人期间，把大量时间和精力用于重点关注遗产、外 联工作以及建立可真正制衡检察官庞 大 权 力 的 法庭支柱，却不得不把过多的时间 用来管理所谓一次性费用结构，这种结构或许在理论上意图良好，但程序繁琐， [...] 不切实际，不仅费时，而且引发了塞拉利昂初级和高级辩护律师之间的内部斗争 [...] 和冲突，以及我们在审判团队中国际辩护律师和国内辩护律师之间的冲突。 daccess-ods.un.org | Likewise, although I had hoped to focus a significant portion of my tenure as Principal Defender on legacy, outreach and [...] building a pillar of the Court that [...] could serve as a real counterbalance to the overwhelming [...]power of the Prosecutor, I had to [...]spend an inordinate amount of time administering a perhaps well-intentioned in theory, but bureaucratic and unrealistic, so-called lump sum fee structure, that not only wasted much time, but also led to internal struggle and conflicts between junior and senior defence lawyers within Sierra Leone, and clashes between international and national defence lawyers we mixed into trial teams. daccess-ods.un.org |
经社部还开展了一些公共管理项目，包括：(a) 在多哥，加强法治、司法部 门现代化、制定调动资源战略、公务员制度改革和能力建设项目；(b) 在卢旺达， 公共部门重组战略以及权力下放政策和战略；(c) 在科索沃，情况分析与公共管 理制度和 战略的设计；(d) 在东帝汶，一项公共管理战略；(e) 在刚果民主共和 国，公务员制度改革、公共部门领导能力建设、支持设计一个国家有效权力下放 战略以及加强国家和省议会的能力；(f) 在乍得，分权治理能力发展以及公务员 制度和 领导能力发展；(g) 在几内亚比绍，公务员制度和领导能力建设。 daccess-ods.un.org | The Department is also undertaking projects on public administration, including: (a) strengthening the rule of law, modernizing the judicial sector and developing a strategy of resource mobilization, civil service reform and capacitybuilding in Togo; (b) a public sector reconfiguration strategy and [...] a decentralization policy and strategy in Rwanda; (c) a situation analysis and design of a public administration system and strategy in Kosovo; (d) a public administration strategy in Timor-Leste; (e) civil service reform, building the capacity of public sector leadership, support for the design of a national [...] strategy for effective decentralization and strengthening of the capacities of the national and provincial parliaments in the Democratic Republic of the Congo; (f) capacity development for decentralized governance, including the civil service and leadership in Chad; and (g) civil service and leadership capacity-building in Guinea-Bissau. daccess-ods.un.org |
因此牢固的知识产权制度尽 管会阻碍投资，但可以促进特许条件下的技术转让，我们将在 下一部分重述此观点。 iprcommission.org | Thus strong rights may deter investment flows but facilitate technology transfer under licensing, which we return to in the next section. iprcommission.org |
由于没有准确定义，许多研究报告提出了广泛的解释，认为所有非常规筹资 方式都属于创新性发展筹资，范围从上述的 机 制 ， 例 如把官方发展援助的承诺证 券化、国际征税和新的特别提款权分 配 ， 到所有“其他创新”，例如当地货币债 券和货币对冲保值、与国内生产总值(国内总产值)挂钩的债券、激励把工人汇款 用于发展投资和公共担保的天气保险机制。 daccess-ods.un.org | The lack of a precise definition has caused many studies to offer a broad interpretation and consider all types of non-conventional forms of finance under the rubric of innovative [...] development financing, [...] ranging from the mechanisms mentioned earlier, such as securitization of ODA commitments, international taxes and new SDR allocations, to all kinds [...]of “other innovations”, [...]such as local currency bonds and currency hedges, gross domestic product (GDP)-linked bonds, incentives to channel worker remittances to developmental investments and publicly guaranteed weather insurance mechanisms. daccess-ods.un.org |
至少在初期，一些信通技术的普 及和相关服务可能分配越 不均匀越好，因为在广泛扩展覆盖面的可行性与集中和 有限提供的实用性之间存在着权衡的 问 题。 daccess-ods.un.org | Access to some ICTs and associated services may be better distributed more unevenly, at least initially, because there are trade-offs between the feasibility [...] of extending access [...]broadly and the practicality of concentrated and limited provision. daccess-ods.un.org |
由于内部控制框 架涵盖范围超过业务工作，还包括国家和区域一级的方 案 制衡 措 施以确保国家方 案具有战略性、资源配置合理性而且可评价性，妇女署会将审查从开发署 平 衡计 分卡报 告中获得的经验，以期在妇女署内采用类似的工具。 daccess-ods.un.org | Since an internal control framework goes beyond [...] operations and includes [...] programmatic checks and balances at country and regional level to ensure a strategic, resource-smart and evaluable country programme, UN-Women will review the experience that has been gained of the UNDP Balanced Scorecard report, with [...]a view to adopting a similar tool within UN-Women. daccess-ods.un.org |
在高等教育领域，重点是制订科技教育政策，为消除贫困贡献力量及促进发展大学间 的团结互助战略，比如采取的做法是，颁发教科文组织促进和平教育奖、实施姊妹大学计划 (UNITWIN)、开展旨在促进提高大学间能力和确保更加 均 衡分 配 南 北间高等教育国际化利益 的“学术无国界方案”(AAB)行动。 unesdoc.unesco.org | In the context of higher education, the focus will be on the development of science and technology education policies, strategies with an overall aim of contributing to poverty reduction, and the promotion of inter-university solidarity [...] for development – for example through the [...] award of the UNESCO Prize for Peace Education, the UNITWIN Programme, the Academics Across Borders (AAB) Initiative, which seek to promote inter-university capacity-building and to ensure a more balanced distribution of the benefits of internationalization for higher education between North and South. unesdoc.unesco.org |
鉴于 2003 年是国际淡水年，因此，将请青年们讨论淡水资源管理这一公认具有现实 意义的专题，以便为确保二十一世纪全民利用水资源和 均 衡分 配 水 资源 而 制 定 共同的伦理原 则，并确定有关的创新性做法及有关的政策。 unesdoc.unesco.org | As 2003 is International Year of Freshwater, the highly topical issue of freshwater management will be proposed so that the young people may determine common ethical principles and [...] identify innovative [...] practices and the policies that could be implemented to ensure that all people enjoy access to and equitable distribution of water resources [...]in the twenty-first century. unesdoc.unesco.org |
(a) 促进区域做法和权利下放，具体方法是在政治和行政官员间建立网络， 组织具体活动或者参加主要国际聚会，例如，2005 年 2 月在摩洛哥马拉喀什以及 2007 年 2 [...] 月在巴马科举行的法语地区国际会议；2008 年 5 月在加拿大魁北克市 举行的法语国家经济国际会议；2008 年 10 [...] 月在法国圣马洛举行的区域气候变化 世界首脑会议；以及 2010 年 10 月在里昂举行的第一次分权制法语 国家议会会议。 daccess-ods.un.org | networking of political and administrative officials and organization of specific events or participation in major international gatherings (for example, the international meetings of Francophone regions held in Marrakech, Morocco, in February 2005 and in Bamako in February 2007; the international meeting of economic Francophonie held in May 2008 in Quebec City, Canada; the world summit of regions on climate change, held in October [...] 2008 in Saint- Malo, France; and the first [...] States-General of Decentralized Francophonie, held [...]in October 2010 in Lyons. daccess-ods.un.org |
一些法律规定允许有限的例外，若为以下情况则允许将单一申请延及集团 [...] 其他成员：所有相关当事方都同意将集团一个以上成员列入在内；集团一个成 [...] 员的破产可能会影响集团其他成员；申请所涉及的各当事方经济上一体化紧密 难分，例如资产相互掺合，或者控 制权 或 所 有权达到了一定的程度；或将集团 视作单一实体具有特殊的法律意义，尤其对重整计划而言。 daccess-ods.un.org | Some laws make provision for limited exceptions that allow a single application to be extended to other group members where, for example, all interested parties consent to the inclusion of more than one group member; the insolvency of one group member has the potential to affect other group members; the parties to the application are closely economically integrated, such as by [...] intermingling of [...] assets or a specified degree of control or ownership; or consideration of the group [...]as a single entity [...]has special legal relevance, especially in the context of reorganization plans. daccess-ods.un.org |
联合国大会通过第62/228号决议建立了新的联合国内部司 法 制 度 ， 其中包括通过下述措施加强联合国监察员办公室：(a) 成立一个单一的、按区域分权的、同时为秘书处、开发署、人口基金、儿童基金会、项目厅和难民署服务的综合监察员结构; (b) 成立一个调停司，提供正式的调停服务；以及 (c) 成立若干区域办事处。 un.org | The General Assembly, by its resolution 62/228, establishes the new system of administration of justice at the United [...] Nations, thereby [...] strengthening the Office by creating a single integrated and geographically decentralized structure for the Secretariat, the funds and programmes (UNDP, UNFPA, [...]UNICEF and UNOPS) [...]and UNHCR; a Mediation Service to provide mediation services; and regional branches to serve staff away from Headquarters and in the field. un.org |
英汉双解词典包含2273206条英汉词条，基本涵盖了全部常用单词的翻译及用法，是英语学习的有利工具。