| 单词 | 准军事 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 释义 | 准军事 noun —paramilitary nSee also:准军 adj—paramilitary adj 准军 n—paramilitaries pl 军事 n—military n • militarily n • non-military n 军事—military affairs • military matters
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尽管它们似乎并没有明确或连贯的 意识形态或政治动机，但是它们有时使 用 准军事 集 团 的语言和一套装备，并承袭 了准军事集团的运作方式。 daccess-ods.un.org | Although they do not seem to have a clear or coherent ideology [...] or political motivation, they [...] sometimes use the language and paraphernalia of paramilitary groups and their modus operandi. daccess-ods.un.org |
国会通过了一项法律草案，允许在提供 真相的证词之后，暂停对这些已复员 的 准军事 人 员 实行监禁。 daccess-ods.un.org | Congress passed a draft law allowing the suspension of imprisonment of these [...] demobilized paramilitaries, in exchange [...]for a statement of truth. daccess-ods.un.org |
多名准军事组织的 前中级战斗员和前军事人员目前在这些非法武装团体担任高级职位。 daccess-ods.un.org | Several former paramilitary middle-ranking fighters and former military personnel now [...] hold senior positions in these groups. daccess-ods.un.org |
这使调查人员得以发现和收 集关于直接行为人和“行为人背后的行为人”——即那些虽然本人或其所处地理 位置没有参与犯罪或暂时与犯罪无关、却实际负有最大责任的高级政治 、 军事和 准军事领导人——的犯罪证据。 daccess-ods.un.org | This enables investigators to identify and gather evidence against both the direct perpetrators of the crimes and the “perpetrators behind [...] the perpetrators” — [...] those senior political, military and paramilitary leaders who, although physically, geographically or temporally removed from the crimes, in fact bear the greatest [...]responsibility. daccess-ods.un.org |
人权高专办哥伦比亚办事处十分关切地注意到，在整个哥伦比亚 ， 准军事组 织 解散后成立的非法武装团体针对平民实施暴力的情况正在扩大和增加。 daccess-ods.un.org | Across the country, OHCHR-Colombia notes with great concern the expansion, increasing activities and violence against civilians perpetrated by illegal armed groups that emerged after the demobilization of paramilitary organizations. daccess-ods.un.org |
哥伦比亚代表团说，哥伦比亚拒绝把新出现的控 制着 500 [...] 吨可可、在许多地 方与游 击 队 相联系 的 团 伙 视 为 准军事 团 伙 。 daccess-ods.un.org | It said Colombia refuses to consider the groups that have [...] emerged to take over the control of 500 metric tons of coca, in many areas linked to [...] the guerrilla, as paramilitary groups. daccess-ods.un.org |
的人经由自愿作证 [...] 而有助于了解真相权。尽管他们的招认显示了大量的杀人事件，但是这些证词并 没有全面完整地反映准军事组织 所犯的侵权行为的多样性、背景和系统的完整性 质。 daccess-ods.un.org | While their confessions revealed a significant number of homicides, they did not give a [...] complete picture of the diversity, context and systematic nature of [...] violations committed by paramilitary organizations. daccess-ods.un.org |
事实上，这些非法武装团体在前 准军事 组 织 一度活跃的 地区活动，而且还效仿其经济和政治结构，因此不仅必须加强对风险人群(特别 [...] 是城市和农村地区的青年)的预防机制，还应当保护和关注受影响人群。 daccess-ods.un.org | The fact that these groups operate in regions [...] where former paramilitary groups once operated, [...]using their economic and political [...]structures, reiterates the need to both redouble preventive mechanisms for the population at risk (especially youth in urban and rural areas) and protect and attend those affected. daccess-ods.un.org |
由于诸如毒品国际组织、准军事化活动和游击队一类极其严峻危险的因素相互作用， 地区政治演变继续从治理的角度传达出极为复杂的信号。 unesdoc.unesco.org | The region’s political evolution continues to transmit highly complex signals in terms of governance because of the interaction of very severe risk factors such as drug cartels, paramilitary activities and guerrillas. unesdoc.unesco.org |
(g) 促请该国政府作出更大努力，在所有层面，尤其是在保安部队内部和 在主管机关、法官和检察官中间打击腐败和默许在解 散 准军事 集 团之后出现的团 体进行默契默许的情况，并鼓励设置和执行一项包含所有方面的战略，保护居民 不遭受这些集团所实施的暴力，其中包括对国家调解人早期预警系统发出的警示 [...] 作出切实有效的反应 daccess-ods.un.org | (g) Urges the Government to make greater efforts in fighting corruption and acquiescence with the groups that [...] emerged after the [...] demobilization of paramilitary organizations at all levels, especially within security forces, and among [...]local authorities, judges [...]and prosecutors, and encourages the design and implementation of an all-inclusive strategy to protect the population from the violence caused by these groups, including an effective response to alerts issued by the National Ombudsperson’s Early Warning System daccess-ods.un.org |
实施国际核心罪行的往往是军事部队 或 准军事 团 体 ，或 得到其支持的个人团体；策划者往往是政治或军事领导人。 daccess-ods.un.org | First, with regard to the target of the investigations, [...] international core crimes are often [...] perpetrated by military units or paramilitary groups, or [...]groups of individuals enjoying their [...]support; they are often masterminded by political or military leaders. daccess-ods.un.org |
然而，它对政府 [...] 在针对北部叛乱分子的打击叛乱行动中继续攻击平民，以及据指称与政府有联系 的准军事组织的侵权行为感到关注。 daccess-ods.un.org | However, it was concerned about continuing attacks against civilians in the context of the Government’s counter-insurgency [...] operations against rebels in the north, and about [...] alleged abuses by paramilitary groups that were [...]allied to the Government. daccess-ods.un.org |
它建议哥伦比亚(a) 考虑扩大政府服 务网络，向农村地区提 供经济和社会发展 援助；(b) [...] 继续努力打破武装力量成员、国家安全部队与非 法 准军事 团 体之间的联 系；(c) 采取更 有力 的措施，解决有组织犯罪和贩毒问题，特别着重于贩毒与贩卖 [...]妇女与儿童之间的联系；(d) [...] 接受儿童权利委员会的建议，鼓励哥伦比亚寻求人权 高专办和儿童基 金 会的技术援 助 ， 解 决 少 年 司 法、康复、 遣 返 、 警 察 培训和 遣散 儿童兵重返社会和地雷儿童受害者等问题。 daccess-ods.un.org | It recommended that Colombia (b) continue its efforts in seeking to break the linkages between elements [...] of the armed forces, State security [...] forces and illegal paramilitary groups; (c) take [...]stronger measures to address the problem [...]of organized crimes and drug trafficking, in particular, to focus on the link between drug trafficking and trafficking in women and girls; and (d) accept the recommendation of the Committee on the Rights of the Child that Colombia seek technical assistance from, inter alia, OHCHR and UNICEF, in areas including juvenile justice, rehabilitation, repatriations, police training and the social reintegration of demobilized child soldiers and child victims of landmines. daccess-ods.un.org |
不过，代表团 举 例 说， 几 年以前， 准军事团 伙一年大约要犯下 250 起大屠杀 ，而国家 当局对此 不作 反应，现在，所有准军事领袖 都 被关押 在高度戒 严 的 监 狱 ，并因 他 们 犯 下的罪 行 而 受到审 判 ，他们 要 严 格 承 诺 透 露 真 相、向受害 者提供 赔偿、 服 满 刑 期 才 [...] 能 退 役 。 daccess-ods.un.org | It added, however that, for example, [...] a few years ago paramilitaries were responsible for 250 massacres a year without reaction from the State authorities, but now all paramilitary leaders are held [...]in maximum security [...]prisons and are being tried for their crimes, and their demobilization requires strict commitments to reveal truth, to provide reparations to victims and to carry out prison sentences. daccess-ods.un.org |
该组织还指出，引渡 17 名准军事指挥官是伸张正义的严重 障碍， 因为如 果在哥伦比亚对他们 [...] 进行审问，就可 能 透 露 重 要的信息。 daccess-ods.un.org | It also cited the [...] extradition of 17 paramilitary commanders as [...]a serious obstacle to justice, preventing important revelations [...]from emerging if they had been questioned in Colombia. daccess-ods.un.org |
这些违 法行为是准军事组织 解散后成立的非法武装团体和游击队组织的成员实施的，特 [...] 别是哥伦比亚革命武装力量-人民军，有些则是由安全部队的成员实施的。 daccess-ods.un.org | These violations have been attributed to [...] members of illegal armed groups that [...] emerged after the paramilitary demobilization [...]and guerrilla groups, in particular FARC-EP, [...]as well as, in some cases, members of security forces. daccess-ods.un.org |
在其中一起案件中，特别报告员“非常不安地获悉，国家安全 [...] 管理部非法获得的一些情报以要刺杀的维权者名单的形式转交 给 准军事 团 体，导 致四名人权维护者被杀害”(A/HRC/13/22/Add.3，第 [...]135 段)。 daccess-ods.un.org | In one such case, the Special Rapporteur was “notably disturbed to learn that some information illegally obtained by DAS [...] [Department of National Security] had been [...] transmitted to paramilitary groups in the [...]form of a hit list of defenders, which [...]had led to the killing of four human rights defenders” (A/HRC/13/22/Add.3, para. 135). daccess-ods.un.org |
关于法院的判例，必须指出，法院“从未仅仅因为案件具有政治影响而回避 [...] 提交给它的案件”(《尼加拉瓜境内和针对尼加拉瓜 的 军事 和 准军事 活 动 (尼加拉 瓜诉美利坚合众国)，管辖权和可受理性，判决，1984 [...] 年国际法院判例汇编》，第 435 页，第 96 段)，也没有仅仅因为案件被认为具有不利政治后果而拒绝接受发 表咨询意见的请求。 daccess-ods.un.org | With regard to the Court’s jurisprudence, it is important to note that the Court “has never shied away from a case brought before it [...] merely because it had political [...] implications” (Military and Paramilitary Activities in [...]and against Nicaragua (Nicaragua [...]v. United States of America), Jurisdiction and Admissibility, Judgment, I.C.J. Reports 1984, p. 435, para. 96) or declined a request for an advisory opinion merely because of its allegedly adverse political consequences. daccess-ods.un.org |
而更可能引发冲 突的当下之忧是不断增多的执法和 准军事 船 只，它 们在争议领土内日益活跃，但缺乏明确的法律框架 [...] 作指导。 crisisgroup.org | But more immediate conflict risks lie in the growing number of law [...] enforcement and paramilitary vessels playing [...]an increasing role in disputed territories [...]without a clear legal framework. crisisgroup.org |
(c) 还敦促哥伦比亚政府执行适当的战略以打 击 准军事 组 织 解散后成立的 非法武装团体，保证保护平民免受其实施的有组织暴力侵害；并建议安全部队加 强努力，坚定且毫不含糊地预防、调查、起诉和惩处这些非法武装团体，不与这 些团体有任何牵连，不能对其采取容忍或默许态度。 daccess-ods.un.org | (c) Also urges the Government to guarantee the protection of the civilian population from the organized violence perpetuated by illegal armed groups that emerged after the demobilization of paramilitary organizations, by implementing appropriate strategies to combat them; and recommends increased efforts to prevent, investigate, prosecute and punish, firmly and without ambiguity, any links, tolerance or acquiescence by security forces towards these groups daccess-ods.un.org |
如调动不予核准，军事规划 处内单独从事政策和理论工作 的两名干事将无法受益于作为军事顾问办公室小组成员所产生的协同增效，并可 [...] 能造成工作重复。 daccess-ods.un.org | Should the [...] redeployment not be approved, the two officers working on [...]policy and doctrine issues in isolation under the Military [...]Planning Service would not benefit from the synergy that could result from working as part of the Team in the Office of the Military Adviser, and there could be duplication of efforts. daccess-ods.un.org |
准军事部队 对外交政策影 响了解有限，相比之下，海军军舰在采取行动时态 度通常更为克制，而恰恰是因为 准军事 部 队政治影 响较小，在介入争端时它们往往采取过为强硬的行 动。 crisisgroup.org | Naval vessels are likely to behave with more restraint than domestic actors with a limited understanding of foreign policy implications, while paramilitary agencies often tend to take more assertive actions precisely due to the lesser political ramifications of incidents in which they are [...] involved. crisisgroup.org |
克罗地亚在请求书中，除其他外，指称塞尔维亚须为“直接控制其在克罗 [...] 地亚境内克宁区、斯拉沃尼亚东部和西部及达尔马提亚的武装部队、情报人员和 各种准军事分遣 队的活动”，对克罗地亚公民实施“种族清洗”这种“导致许多 [...] 克罗地亚公民流离失所、惨遭杀害、遭受酷刑或非法拘押并且造成大量财产被破 [...]坏的灭绝种族行为”负起责任。 daccess-ods.un.org | In its application, Croatia contends, inter alia, that, “[b]y directly controlling the activity of its armed [...] forces, intelligence agents, and various [...] paramilitary detachments, on the territory [...]of ... Croatia, in the Knin region, [...]eastern and western Slavonia, and Dalmatia”, Serbia was liable for “ethnic cleansing” committed against Croatian citizens, “a form of genocide which resulted in large numbers of Croatian citizens being displaced, killed, tortured, or illegally detained, as well as extensive property destruction”. daccess-ods.un.org |
此类组织应为国家主权、独立、团结、领土完整、法治、宪政式民主 原则而努力；其章程、方案、思想宣传或开展的其他活动均不得违反《宪法》第 30 条第 7 款、第 37 条第 2 和第 4 [...] 款；若违反上述任何一条价值观，则不得附属 于外国组织；不得开展军事或准军事 活 动 或法律禁止的其他任何活动。 daccess-ods.un.org | Such associations 29 will fight for national sovereignty, independence and unity of the state, territorial integrity, rule of law and the principles of constitutional democracy; will not violate by their statute, programs, propaganda of ideas or other activities they undertake Articles 30 para 7 and 37 paras 2 and 4 of the Constitution; will not get the affiliation to foreign organisations if such an undertaking violates one [...] of the values mentioned above; will [...] not undertake military or paramilitary activities [...]or any other activities prohibited by law. daccess-ods.un.org |
(c) 阻止从本国境内、或境外本国国民、或使用悬挂本国国旗的船只或飞机 [...] 向这些个人、团体、企业和实体直接或间接供应、销售或转让军火和各种有关物 资，包括武器和弹药、军用车辆和装备 、 准军事 装 备 及上述物资的备件，以及与 军事活动有关的技术咨询、援助或培训； [...] (b) 为其供应、销售或转让军火和有关物资； (c) 为其招募人员；或 daccess-ods.un.org | (c) Prevent the direct or indirect supply, sale, or transfer to these individuals, groups, undertakings and entities from their territories or by their nationals outside their territories, or using their flag vessels or aircraft, of arms and related materiel of all [...] types including weapons and [...] ammunition, military vehicles and equipment, paramilitary equipment, [...]and spare parts for the aforementioned, [...]and technical advice, assistance, or training related to military activities daccess-ods.un.org |
而在准军事组织 解散之后所出 现的非法武装集团实行暴力，以及非法武装行为者为控制毒品贩运所发生的争 端，使这一局面更加恶化。 daccess-ods.un.org | This situation is exacerbated by the violence caused by illegal armed groups emerged after the demobilization of paramilitary organizations, and disputes among illegal armed actors to control drug trafficking. daccess-ods.un.org |
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