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External sources (not reviewed)

With a view to strengthening regional cooperation among law enforcement authorities in the fight against drug trafficking, a number of meetings of subsidiary bodies of the Commission on Narcotic Drugs were held in 2008: the Eighteenth Meeting of Heads of National Drug Law Enforcement Agencies, Africa, held in Yamoussoukro from 8 to 12 September; the Eighteenth Meeting of Heads of National Drug Law Enforcement Agencies, Latin America and the Caribbean, held in Tegucigalpa from 13 to 17 October; and the forty-third session of the Subcommission on Illicit Drug Traffic and Related Matters in the Near and Middle East, held in Tehran from 16 to 20 November.

[...] [...] Kyrgyzstan and Ukraine in the Eastern Europe and Central Asia regions; and El Salvador, Englishand Dutch-speaking Caribbean countries, and Honduras in the Latin America and Caribbean region.

[...] time that Nowruz was established in the land of Persia and thereafter, throughout all the long centuries that Persia has been a melting pot for civilizations and ethnicities and until today, Nowruz has served as the common language for millions of people all around the world, including for over 3,000 years in the Balkans, the Black Sea basin, the Caucasus, Central Asia, the Indian subcontinent, the Middle East and many other regions.

[...] [...] Guatemala, Haiti, the Democratic People’s Republic of Korea, Mozambique, Southern Sudan and Zimbabwe, and collaborated with the Permanent Inter-State Committee on Drought Control in the Sahel to conduct such [...] [...]

[...] Al-Shabaab, is the Sool Sanaag Cayn Army (SSCA), a clan-based militia active in parts of Sool region.

[...] [...] Nations system regional directors team for Latin America and the Caribbean with officials of the Government of Suriname on United Nations [...] [...]

The Sool Sanaag Cayn Army was formed in late 2007, following the capture of Laascaanood, the capital of Sool region by pro-Somaliland [...] [...]

Sustained UNV efforts resulted in the drafting and/or the adoption of legislative frameworks or policies in support of volunteerism and the establishment or implementation of national volunteerism laws, schemes, programmes, networks or strategies in 33 countries, including in Africa (Benin, Burkina Faso, Cape Verde, Kenya, Mali, Mozambique, Namibia, Senegal, Tanzania, Togo, Zambia), Asia and the Pacific (Bangladesh, Cambodia, India, Indonesia, Nepal, Solomon Islands, Sri Lanka, Thailand, Vietnam), the Commonwealth of Independent States (Bosnia and Herzegovina, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Ukraine) and Latin America and the Caribbean (Bolivia, Brazil, Colombia, Dominican Republic, El Salvador, Guatemala, Honduras, Nicaragua, Peru), thus contributing to the strengthening of national voluntary sector capacity.

[...] focus on coastal, dryland and mountain ecosystems, most likely in the Asia-Pacific region, the Caribbean and the Sudan.

The reporting period also saw increased tensions between “Puntland”, “Somaliland” and the Transitional Federal Government following the formation of the self-proclaimed “Khaatumo State” in the disputed Sool, Sanaag and Cayn regions in northern Somalia.

[...] [...] Africa region; the Sudan in the Arab States region; Pakistan (draft common country programme document) in the Asia and the Pacific region; and Haiti and Nicaragua in the Latin America and Caribbean region.

[...] [...] (Gagauz-Russian, Ukrainian, Bulgarian-Russian).

The school Curricula on mother tongue has been developed (for Russian, Ukrainian, Gagauz, and Bulgarian) for the classes I–XII; implementation guidelines for the curricula on mother tongue courses for the classes IV–XII; school manuals for Russian, Ukrainian, Gagauz, and Bulgarian language and literature for the classes I–IX.

However, isolated clashes were reported in the disputed Sool and Sanaag regions, in particular the Buuhoodle border area between a group known as the Sool, Sanaag and Cayn militia and “Somaliland” troops.

[...] note of some regional cooperation initiatives in the financial and economic fields, such as those undertaken by some countries of the Latin American region, like the Bank of the South, as well as initiatives of ALBA countries such as the Bank of the ALBA, the Common Reserve Fund, the Common Account Unit, and the use of the SUCRE as their currency unit.

[...] the Mine Action Service within UNMISS cleared a total of 293,411 square metres of land in 12 communities; destroyed 10 anti-personnel mines, 12 anti-tank mines, 590 items of small arms [...] [...]

(a) the “Ingenuity Follows Nature – A Poster Exhibition of Asian Designers & Tong Yang-Tze’s Calligraphy”, which brought together design talents from the Mainland, Hong Kong, Taiwan, Macau and South Korea to create new posters demonstrating both the beauty of Chinese traditional characters and modern styles

[...] [...] creation in three target areas (Suleimaniyah, Babil and the Iraqi Marshlands).

[...] [...] local circumstances in Bahrain, Jordan, Iraq, the Sudan and Yemen; influenced global [...] [...]

[...] [...] Malawi and Mozambique in the Africa region; Algeria and Yemen in the Arab States region; Iran (Islamic Republic of), Myanmar, Papua New Guinea (draft common country programme document), Thailand and Viet Nam (draft common country programme document) in the Asia and the Pacific region; and Brazil, Dominican Republic, Panama and Peru in the Latin America and Caribbean region.

[...] occurred in an area the Government of the Sudan considers part of Southern Darfur, whereas the Government of Southern Sudan claims the area as part of Northern [...]

[...] [...] crisis on the Sahel region leads to two observations: first, about the seriousness of the large number of security and humanitarian challenges in the region and, secondly, about the need for the United Nations to adopt a more integrated approach to help the States of the region to overcome those challenges.

[...] [...] subprogramme 12, Subregional activities in Mexico and Central America; one Local level post under subprogramme 13, Subregional activities in the Caribbean; and one P-4 [...] [...]