| 单词 | 传染病学 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 释义 | 传染病学 —epidemiologySee also:传染病 adj—infectious adj 传染病 n—communicable disease n 传染病—contagious disease • pestilence 染病 pl—infectious diseases pl
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已经准备了培训模型，并作了大量努力 帮助各国考虑如何将预防传染病和学 校 卫 生纳入全民教育计划。 unesdoc.unesco.org | Training modules have been prepared and significant effort has been devoted [...] to assisting countries in considering how to include [...] attention to the pandemic and school health in [...]EFA national plans. unesdoc.unesco.org |
迪卡奖(2008 年)；马哈迪科学奖(2007 年)；奥地利生命基金会 LifeBall 希望水 [...] 晶奖(2005 年)；澳亚研究员奖(2002 年)；国际传染病学会国际艾滋病研究金方 案(1999 年)；美国波士顿哈佛医学院麻省总医院客座主治医师方案(1999 [...] 年)； 费尔菲尔德传染病医院高级医务人员、研究员(1995 年)。 daccess-ods.un.org | Long Service Award, XVIII Malaysian Prisons Department (2010); Member Nipah Encephalitis Investigative Team: [...] Merdeka Award (2008), Tun Mahathir Science Award (2007); Austrian Life Foundation LifeBall, Crystal of Hope Award (2005); Australian-Asian Fellowship Award (2002); [...] International Society of Infectious Diseases, International [...]AIDS Fellowship Programme [...](1999); Visiting Physician Programme, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, United States (1999); Senior Medical Staff, Fairfield Hospital, Fellow in Infectious Diseases (1995). daccess-ods.un.org |
委员会指出，为各个年龄的妇女提供优质教育并使其充分平等地获得和 参与科学技术对实现性别平等和妇女赋权至关重要，同时这也具有经济意 义，可为妇女提供必要知识、生产力、学习能力、技能、道德价值观和理解 力，使其能终生学习、 获得就业、增进身心健康，包括预防和控制孕产死亡、 艾滋病毒和艾滋病及其它传染性和非 传染 性 疾 病 ， 以 及充分参与社会、经济 和政治发展。 daccess-ods.un.org | The Commission notes that quality education and full and equal access and participation in science and technology for women of all ages are imperative for achieving gender equality and the empowerment of women, and an economic necessity, and that they provide women with the knowledge, capacity, aptitudes, skills, ethical values and understanding necessary for lifelong learning, employment, better physical and mental health, including the prevention and control of maternal mortality, HIV and AIDS and other communicable and non-communicable diseases, as well as for full participation in social, economic and political development. daccess-ods.un.org |
同时制定并实施了一系列行业标准：《对受艾滋病毒感染人群保守治疗标 [...] 准》(2001 年)、《针对受艾滋病毒感染人群的抗转录酶病毒药物治疗和防止艾滋 病毒的母婴传播和 职业感染的标准》(2001 年和 2003 年)、《艾滋病毒感染的流 行病学监测 标准》(2002 年)、《艾滋病、肝炎和其他病毒感染实验室与诊断机构 组织实施抗击流行病计划操作指南》(2004 [...]年)、《艾滋病毒母婴传播》单元 [...](2004 年)、《艾滋病毒检测咨询前后的方法指导》(2005 年)。 daccess-ods.un.org | Sector standards have been developed and implemented: “Palliative treatment of the persons infected with HIV and AIDS” (2001), “Treatment with antiretroviral [...] medicine specific for [...] persons infected with HIV and AIDS and the prophylaxis of transmission of the mother-child HIV infection, professional exposure” [...](2001 and 2003), [...]“Epidemiologic supervision of the HIV/AIDS infection” (2002); Instructions on the organisation of the antiepidemiologic programme in the AIDS, hepatitis and other viral infections laboratories and diagnosis sections” (2004), The module “HIV and AIDS infections with mother-child transmission” (2004), Methodological Guide “Before and after HIV test counselling” (2005). daccess-ods.un.org |
国际预防医学风险管理联盟与英国预防医学风险管理学会联合举办的 2012 年世界大会(UWC2012)正是在此背景 [...] 下诞生的，大会旨在在国际上推广医疗服务和实践、药 理 学 、 传染病 、 食 品风险、灾害、辐射风险等方面相关的安 全文化。 urmpm.org | For this reason, UWC2012 is promoting internationally the improvement and promotion of safety [...] cultures for medical service & practice, [...] pharmacology, infectious disease, food risk, disaster, [...]radiation risk, etc. jointly [...]with British Society of Risk Management for Preventive Medicine (BSRMPM). urmpm.org |
关于预防、控制和治疗传染病的第 2/2004 号法律列明相关的疾病，及避免 传播传染病的预 防措施，如要求进入澳门特区的人申报其健康状况；当出现对公 共卫生构成危险的情况时，要求入境者填写特定的健康申报书、出具医生声明书 和接受有关的医学检查 ；以及控制或限制进入澳门特区的动物、财物或产品。 daccess-ods.un.org | Law 2/2004 on the Prevention, Control and [...] Treatment of Contagious Diseases sets up a list of diseases and a number of preventive measures in order to avoid the risk of propagation of contagious diseases, such as the duty of any person who enters the MSAR to declare his/her health condition, or, in case of danger to public health, to declare specific health information, to present medical certificates or declarations, [...]or to be subject to a medical exam. daccess-ods.un.org |
在卫生 方面，近年来，儿童死亡率和产妇死亡率以及主要的卫生问题，如结 核 病 和 其 它 传染 性 疾病 都得到控制。 unesdoc.unesco.org | In the area of health, child and maternal mortality rates and [...] major health threats, such as [...] tuberculosis and other communicable diseases, have been brought [...]under control in recent years. unesdoc.unesco.org |
为了有效落实所有的既定措施，必须进行充分的 科 学 跟 踪 ，继续开 展 传染 病和非传染病在北 方土著居民中的流行 病 学 研 究 ，研究现行保健体系的有效性， 研究和采用新型医疗救助组织形式，探索环境生态保护与恢复的新手段和新方 法。 daccess-ods.un.org | In order for all these measures to succeed, [...] it will be necessary [...] to have adequate scientific backup, to continue research on the epidemiology of communicable and noncommunicable diseases among the indigenous [...]population of the [...]North, to study the effectiveness of the existing health-care system, to design and introduce new arrangements for the delivery of medical care and to seek new ways and means of protecting and rehabilitating the environment. daccess-ods.un.org |
吉隆坡马来亚大学医学院医学系教授 及 传染病 科 主 任(2001 年至今)；艾滋病 研究英才中心主任；美国新奥尔良杜兰大学公共卫生和热带医学学院热带医学系 兼职教授(2008 年至今)。 daccess-ods.un.org | University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur: Professor and Head of Infectious Diseases, Department of [...] Medicine, Faculty of Medicine [...](since 2001); Director, Centre of Excellence for Research in AIDS; Tulane University School of Public Health and Tropical Medicine, New Orleans, United States: Adjunct Professor, Department of Tropical Medicine (since 2008). daccess-ods.un.org |
几个答 复者还认为，成立教科文组织的总目标 [...] 在当今甚至更有效和更有针对性。当今的环境是以 下列正在出现的倾向和全球性挑战为特点的，如：对和平与国际安全的威胁依然存在、贫困 [...] 及其造成的必然结果--社会排斥现象加剧、艾滋病病毒/艾滋病和其 它 传染病 的 蔓 延、日益增 加的环境危害、不平等现象及冲突和暴力方式，包括恐怖主义的剧增。 unesdoc.unesco.org | Several also considered that the overarching goals for which UNESCO was established remain even more valid and relevant today, in an environment characterized by emerging trends and global challenges, such as the persistence of threats to peace and international security, the deepening of poverty, together with its [...] corollaries of social exclusion, the spread of [...] HIV/AIDS and other infectious diseases, increased [...]environmental risks, inequalities [...]and aggravated forms of conflict and violence, including terrorism. unesdoc.unesco.org |
特别委员会请维持和平行动部和外勤支助部每年都向特别委员会详细说 [...] [...] 明处理维和行动中保健问题的进展情况，并在这方面期待在下一次实质性会议之 前收到有关外地心血管疾病、艾滋病毒/艾 滋 病 和 其 他 传染 性 疾 病 、 伤亡原因和 发病率的资料，以及汇报联合国各维和特派团医疗资料包括调遣回国和死亡资料 [...]的标准化和简化制度的实施情况。 daccess-ods.un.org | The Special Committee requests the Department of Peacekeeping Operations and the Department of Field Support to continue to provide an annual, detailed, briefing to the Special Committee on the progress made in dealing with healthrelated issues in peacekeeping operations, and in this regard, looks forward to receiving, in advance of its next substantive session, information on the causes and [...] rates of cardiovascular [...] diseases, HIV/AIDS, and other infectious diseases, injuries and [...]fatalities in the field, as well [...]as the status of the implementation of the system for the standardized and streamlined reporting of medical data, across United Nations peacekeeping missions, to include, inter alia, repatriation and mortality data. daccess-ods.un.org |
会议认识到加强用于和平目的的生物 科 学 和 技 术国际合作、援助和交流的 重要意义，一致认为值得共同努力，以促进疫苗和药物生产、疾病监测、检测和 诊断以及传染病遏制 等领域的能力建设。 daccess-ods.un.org | Recognizing the fundamental importance of enhancing international cooperation, [...] assistance and exchange [...] in biological sciences and technology for peaceful purposes, the Conference agrees on the value of working together to promote capacity building in the fields of vaccine and drug production, disease surveillance, detection, diagnosis, and containment of infectious diseases as well as [...]biological risk management. daccess-ods.un.org |
除非适当指导和监测，水 产养殖的扩大可导致环境问题，包括土地和海洋生境退化、 化 学 污 染 、 逃 逸危及 生物多样性以及降低鱼对病害的 抵抗力。 fao.org | Unless guided and monitored adequately, aquaculture expansion may contribute to environmental problems, including [...] degradation of land and [...] marine habitats, chemical pollution, endangering biodiversity through escapees, and reduction of fish resistance to diseases. fao.org |
莫斯科办事处不仅在教育领域、也在文化和社会 科学 领域 扩大了对艾滋病毒/艾滋病的干预，包括关于“应对艾滋病毒/艾滋病的当代艺术” 和“通过在人权领域的教育和将艾滋病毒/艾 滋 病 感 染 人 群融入社会在俄罗斯区域解决 艾滋病毒/艾滋病流行病的社会后果”的项目。 unesdoc.unesco.org | The Moscow Office intervention in the field of HIV/AIDS has [...] expanded not only in [...] education, but also in culture and social science areas, with projects on “Contemporary arts in response to HIV/AIDS” and “Addressing social consequences of HIV/AIDS epidemic in Russian regions through information and [...]education in the [...]sphere of human rights and social integration of people living with HIV/AIDS (PLWHA)”. unesdoc.unesco.org |
多年以来，根据行动计划，加中两国开展了许多合作项目和活动，包括：在2009年H1N1流感大流行期间的合作 ； 传染病 的 监 测与控制的合作和实验室建设；新 发 传染病 和 慢 性疾病预防与控制研讨会/讲习班；就药品和医疗产品，食品和消费品安全举行的高层会谈和讲习班；卫生方面人力资源的交流和培训；卫生政策评估项目；联合卫生科研经费、项目和 奖 学 金 ； 以及在卫生系统、公共卫生、健康促进、慢性病预防与控制、实验室建设、医院系统和管理等方面进行的专业交流和研讨会。 canadainternational.gc.ca | Numerous collaborative projects and activities have been conducted over the years under the Plans of Action, including: cooperation during the 2009 [...] H1N1 pandemic; [...] cooperation in infectious disease surveillance, control; laboratories; seminars/workshops on emerging infectious disease and chronic disease prevention and control; high level meetings and workshops on drugs and medical products, food, and consumer product safety; health human resource exchanges and trainings; a project on health policy evaluation; joint health research funding, projects and scholarships; and professional [...]exchanges and [...]workshops in health systems, public health, health promotion, chronic disease prevention and control, laboratories, hospital system and management. canadainternational.gc.ca |
大会第六十六届会议通过了《预防和控制 非 传染 性 疾 病 问 题 大会高级别会议 的政治宣》，其中请秘书长与世界卫生组织总干事密切合作，并与会员国、联合 国各基金和方案及其他相关国际组织协商，在向大会第六十七届会议提交关于通 过有效伙伴关系加强和促进采取预防和控制 非 传染 性 疾 病 多 部门行动的各种备 选办法，供会员国审议(第 66／2 号决议)。 daccess-ods.un.org | At its sixty-sixth session, the General Assembly adopted the Political Declaration of the High-level Meeting of the [...] Assembly on the [...] Prevention and Control of Noncommunicable Diseases, which included a request to the Secretary-General, in close collaboration with the Director-General of the World Health Organization, and in consultations with Member States, United Nations funds and programmes and other relevant international organizations, to submit to the Assembly, at its sixty-seventh session, for consideration by Member States, options for strengthening and facilitating multisectoral action for the prevention and control of non-communicable diseases through effective [...]partnership (resolution 66/2). daccess-ods.un.org |
在全世界范围内，每年流感估计导致25万人到50万人死亡，而且尽管历史上的流感流行已经揭示出 了 传染病传 播 的 关键细节，目前的 数 学 模 型 没能预测出地方的季节性流感暴发如何发展。 chinese.eurekalert.org | Worldwide, influenza kills an estimated 250,000 to 500,000 people every year, and although historical epidemics [...] have revealed key [...] details about the spread of infectious diseases, mathematical models currently fail [...]to predict how local [...]seasonal influenza outbreaks will progress. chinese.eurekalert.org |
我们推广健康的生活方 式，以降低糖尿病和心脏病等 非传染性疾病不断带来的保健 负担。 australia-unsc.gov.au | We are promoting healthy lifestyles to reduce the growing health burden [...] caused by non-communicable diseases such as diabetes and heart disease. australia-unsc.gov.au |
最不发达国家在人的能力发展方面的努力受到以下各方面的影响：贫穷率 高、失业现象严重、人口增长率高、卫生和营养结果差(反映于妇幼发病率和死 亡率高)，以及营养不良的沉重负担； 传染 性 疾 病 的 流 行，包括艾滋病毒/艾滋病、 疟疾、结核病和小儿麻痹症，以及日益沉重的 非 传染 性 疾 病 负 担。 daccess-ods.un.org | Efforts at development of human capacities in least developed countries have been affected by high incidence of poverty, mass unemployment, high population growth rates, poor health and nutrition outcomes, as evidenced by high child and maternal morbidity and mortality rates and [...] the high burden of [...] undernutrition, the prevalence of communicable diseases, including HIV/AIDS, malaria, tuberculosis and polio, and the growing burden of non-communicable diseases. daccess-ods.un.org |
残疾人数增加有多种原因，其中最主要的是：内乱和持续战争；文盲率高； 营养不足和营养不良；传染病；保健服务低下；社会援助和服务水平低下；事 故和家庭暴力；大多数国家经济条件差；以及老年病和自然灾害(非洲联盟委员 [...] 会，2005 年)。 daccess-ods.un.org | The increase in the number of people with disabilities is due to a number of reasons, chief among which are civil strife and continuing wars; a high level [...] of illiteracy; undernutrition [...] and malnutrition; communicable diseases; poor health services; [...]a low level of social assistance [...]and services; accidents and domestic violence; poor economic conditions in most of the countries; and old age and natural calamities and disasters (AUC, 2005). daccess-ods.un.org |
还关注的是，非传染性疾病发病率的上升对社会构成一项沉重负担，造成了 严重的社会和经济后果；并意识到需要防治心血管疾病、癌症、糖尿病及慢性呼 [...] 吸道疾病，因为这些疾病对人的健康和发展构成主要威胁 daccess-ods.un.org | Concerned also that the increasing [...] incidence of non-communicable diseases constitutes [...]a heavy burden on society, with serious [...]social and economic consequences, and aware that there is a need to respond to cardiovascular diseases, cancers, diabetes and chronic respiratory diseases, which represent a leading threat to human health and development daccess-ods.un.org |
为了防治非传染病，我国采取了以下行动措施： 1992 年设立癌症登记册；2005 年批准《烟草控制框 架公约》；2006 年国民议会通过烟草控制法；2007 年 颁布了对影响女性的癌症实行免费治疗的法令；开展 了筛查和治疗癌症的工作；与国际原子能机构合作， 建立了国家抗癌中心；国民议会通过有关设立官方管 理机构即所谓的国家抗癌中心的立法；以及起草了国 家防控非传染病战略计划。 daccess-ods.un.org | To fight against NCDs, my country has taken the following operational measures: the establishment of a cancer registry, in 1992; the ratification of the Framework Convention on Tobacco Control, in 2005; the adoption by the National Assembly of a law on tobacco control, in 2006; a decree providing free treatment of cancers affecting women, in 2007; campaigns to screen for and treat cancer; the construction, in partnership with the International Atomic Energy Agency, of a national centre to combat cancer; the adoption by the National Assembly of legislation relating to the creation of an official administrative agency known as the national centre for the fight against cancer; and the drafting of a national strategic plan for the prevention of and the fight against NCDs. daccess-ods.un.org |
今天在南非开普敦举行的第五届国际艾滋病协会（IAS）艾滋病病因、治疗和预防大会上新公布的数据显示，具有艾 滋 病 向 性 测定作用的 遗 传学 方 案 可用于有效确定经CCR5拮抗剂马拉韦罗（maraviroc）治疗后有起色的患者。 tipschina.gov.cn | A genetic approach to determining HIV tropism can be used to effectively identify patients who will respond to treatment with the CCR5 antagonist [...] maraviroc, according to new [...] data presented today at the 5th International AIDS Society (IAS) Conference on HIV Pathogenesis, [...]Treatment and Prevention in Cape Town, South Africa. tipschina.gov.cn |
在次级方案 3 [...] 下，有人表示，千年发展目标的关注集中在有关低龄群体的 人类发展和贫穷挑战上，即婴儿、儿童和产妇死亡率、艾滋病毒和艾 滋 病 感 染和 入学率。 daccess-ods.un.org | Under subprogramme 3, the view was expressed that the Millennium Development Goals were overwhelmingly concerned with human development and poverty challenges that [...] related to younger age groups, namely, infant, child and maternal mortality, [...] HIV and AIDS infection, and school enrolment. daccess-ods.un.org |
外部化成本包括各种遗留问题，比如过期农药库存、场地被污染以及因产前和产后接触化学品 导致儿童发育受损；有人因接触化学品而受害；向无力支付医疗费的受害者提供保健服务；由 于被化学品污染，财产所有者或财产使用者的财产价值或功效下降；由于 化 学 品 污 染 ， 渔 民、 猎人和小农户的生计受到破坏；由于 传 统 食物被污染，土著人民的生活方式受到破坏；供水受 到污染等等。 daccess-ods.un.org | Externalized costs include legacy issues such as obsolete stockpiles and contaminated sites, as well as children whose development has been impaired as a result of prenatal and post-natal chemical exposure; persons whose health has been injured as a result of chemical exposure; persons providing health-care services to such people when the injured are not able to pay for the services; property owners or users whose property value [...] or utility decreases [...] as a result of chemical contamination; fishers, hunters, small farmers and others whose livelihoods are impaired by chemical contamination; indigenous peoples whose way of life has been undermined through contamination of their traditional foods; people whose [...]water supply is contaminated; and others. daccess-ods.un.org |
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