| 单词 | 习惯用法 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 释义 | 习惯用法 —idiomSee also:习惯—be used to • usual practice 习惯 n—custom n • habituation n • history n 习惯法—common law 惯用—habitual • customary • use habitually
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委员会还对不同的法律 来源――即，成文法和习惯法――的 适 用 表 示 关切，因为这可破坏缔约国将其立法 与《公约》统一起来的努力。 daccess-ods.un.org | The Committee also expresses its concern about the application of different sources of [...] law, namely codified and customary laws, which may undermine [...]the State [...]party’s efforts to harmonize its legislation with the Convention. daccess-ods.un.org |
下级法院的法官往往不了解正式法律，在 适 用 中 把 伊斯兰教 法纳入“Xeer”(索马里的习惯法)。 daccess-ods.un.org | Sharia law is integrated into “Xeer ” through application by lower court judges, who are often not knowledgeable of formal laws. daccess-ods.un.org |
多米尼加的体制机构――行 政、立法和司法，始终坚持法治的理想，一直积极地响应国际规范 、 惯 例 和习 惯。 daccess-ods.un.org | Dominican institutions — executive, legislative and judiciary — continued to hold high the ideals of the rule of law and had been very responsive to international norms, conventions and customs. daccess-ods.un.org |
当时设立的习 [...] 惯和宗教法庭是在殖民统治下民众可用的唯一正式的司法体系，其宗旨是 运 用习 惯法和穆 斯林法解决有关婚姻、家庭事务以及个人地位，与普通法院并行不悖。 daccess-ods.un.org | The customary and sharia courts therefore constituted a single formal legal system available to the [...] populations under colonization that [...] aimed to apply customary and Islamic laws to resolve [...]differences involving marriage, family [...]affairs and personal status in parallel with ordinary courts. daccess-ods.un.org |
该法第 15 节列举了适用于其 解 释的一些条约，亦即：(a) 1948 年的《防止及惩治灭绝种族罪公约》；(b) 1949 年日内瓦四公约及其《第一和第二附加议定书》(1977 年)和《第三附加议定书》 (2005 年)；(c) 1954 年《关于发生武装冲突时保护文化财产的海牙公约》及其 《议定书》和《第二议定书》(1999 年)；(d) 1989 年《儿童权利公约》及其 2000 年《关于儿童卷入武装冲突问题的任择议定书》； ( e) 习惯国际法规则和原则； (f) 各个国际法院和法庭的司法裁判。 daccess-ods.un.org | Section 15 of the Act enumerates several [...] treaties to be applied in its interpretation, namely (a) the 1948 Convention on the Prevention and Punishment of the Crime of Genocide; (b) the four Geneva Conventions of 1949 and Additional Protocols I and II (1977) and Additional Protocol III (2005) thereto; (c) the 1954 Hague Convention for the Protection of Cultural Property in the Event of Armed Conflict, its Protocol and its Second Protocol (1999); (d) the 1989 Convention on the Rights of the Child and its 2000 Optional Protocol on the involvement of children in armed conflict; (e) the rules and principles of customary international law; (f) the [...]judicial decisions of international courts and tribunals. daccess-ods.un.org |
承认土著健康制度和做法，保护传统知识和药品，承认土著人民知识产权的 权利并通过使用习惯法进行替代立法来监管使用情况。 daccess-ods.un.org | To recognize indigenous health systems and practices and to protect traditional knowledge and medicines by recognizing the rights of indigenous [...] peoples with regard to intellectual property and through alternative [...] legislation using customary law to regulate access. daccess-ods.un.org |
在有关《家庭法》的法律通过前，法 官 在协议离婚案例中 ， 习惯 于 以 其最 高利益为名，在《儿童权利公约》主要内容的基础上，优先 采 用 与 儿 童社会经济 权利有关的决策规定。 daccess-ods.un.org | Even before the Family Code Act was adopted, judges dealing with cases of divorce by mutual consent tended, in the name of the best interests of the child, to base their decisions concerning children’s social and economic rights on the principles of the Convention on the Rights of the Child. daccess-ods.un.org |
这些代表团指出，因为这些最大残留限量对法典成员国有影响，需要采取谨慎 的方法；要特别关注发展中国家的数据以及不同饮 食 习惯 的 国 家的特定问题；仅在必要 时用兽药 治疗和预防疾病，而不作为生长促进/辅助剂；应当考虑到消费者的健康保护和 消费者对法典的信心。 codexalimentarius.org | These delegations pointed out that there was a need to take a cautious approach [...] because of the impact of [...] these MRLs on Codex member countries; that particular attention should be given to data from developing countries and to the specific concerns of countries with different eating habits; that veterinary medicines should be used only when necessary [...]to cure and prevent [...]diseases and not as growth promoters/production aid; and that consideration should be given to consumer health protection and to consumer confidence in Codex. codexalimentarius.org |
它可能需要区别习惯国际法规则和“软法”、现行法与 拟议法、习惯国际法与单纯的使用、 并 且区 别 习惯 国 际 法与非正式条约(包括未 以书面形式缔结的条约)和后来涉及条约之解释的实践。 daccess-ods.un.org | And it may require examination of [...] the distinctions between rules of customary international law and “soft law”; between lex lata and lex [...] ferenda; and between customary international law and mere usage on the one hand, and informal [...]treaties (including [...]treaties not in written form) and subsequent practice relating to the interpretation of treaties, on the other. daccess-ods.un.org |
此方法的一个重要优点 是，它适用于目不识丁或不习惯用货 币 表示偏好的 受调查者。 teebweb.org | One important advantage of this methodology is that it can be used with respondents who are [...] illiterate or not used to expressing [...]preferences in monetary terms. teebweb.org |
根据习惯法以及传统国际法的一项规则，当事方不得 引 用 其 国 内法条款， 作为未适用国际法条款的合理理由；这一规则要求履行一项普遍义务，即不仅国 内法律要与相关国际文书的条款相符，而且不得颁布与该文书不符的法律。 daccess-ods.un.org | According to a rule of both customary and conventional international law, a party may not invoke the provisions of its own domestic [...] law as justification [...]for not applying a provision of international law; this rule entails a general obligation not only to align domestic law with the provisions of the international instrument concerned, but also not to enact legislation which is incompatible with that instrument. daccess-ods.un.org |
许多采用习惯法的国 家——包括印度， 南非和乌干达——保护官员在履行或打算履行法律规定的职责时不受任何追究。 unesdoc.unesco.org | A number of common law countries – including [...] India, South Africa and Uganda – protect officials against any form of liability [...]for acts done in the performance or purported performance of a duty under the law. unesdoc.unesco.org |
委员会还感到关注的是，在儿童权利领域所制 [...] 定的法规的执行率低下，主要由于执行不力，对所颁布的法律规范认识水平有 限，普遍存在腐败现象，以及法院所 适 用 的 习惯法 或 伊 斯兰宗教法中的条款，违 反《公约》中所载述的原则和权利。 daccess-ods.un.org | The Committee is further concerned about the low implementation of legislation enacted in the field of child rights due mainly to weak enforcement, limited level of awareness of the legal norms promulgated, widespread [...] corruption, and the application by courts [...] of provisions of customary or sharia law which [...]infringe the principles and rights contained in the Convention. daccess-ods.un.org |
在行使仲裁职责的同时，达尔富尔土地委员会将有权受理申请，并在获得 争议各方同意后适用习惯和传统法律 或公平与正义原则。 daccess-ods.un.org | While performing its arbitration functions, the DLC shall have the authority to receive applications and [...] may, with the agreement of parties in [...] dispute, apply customary and traditional laws or principles [...]of justice and equity. daccess-ods.un.org |
原则 4：合同指导做法中列 出的与知识产权有关的权利和义务，应当区分遗传资源的不 同用途，包括商业用途、非商业用途 和 习惯用 途。 wipo.int | Principle 4: The IP-related rights and [...] obligations set [...] out in the Guide Contractual Practices should distinguish between different kinds of use of genetic resources, including commercial, non-commercial and customary uses. wipo.int |
对有关国际、区域和国家的法律、法 规，包括保护传统知识的专门立法，以及知识产权开发 利 用 所 在 地国家的相 关习惯法进行 分析，可能有助于了解影响协议的各种因素。 wipo.int | An analysis of the relevant international, regional and national laws and regulations, including any sui generis legislation on [...] the protection of TK and, [...] where applicable, relevant customary laws in those countries where [...]IP rights may be developed [...]and exploited may be a supplementary tool to consider the factors which will affect the agreement. wipo.int |
介绍性报告处理了一些问题，其中包括：术语问题；嗣后协定和惯例在条 约解释中的一般意义；演变解释与嗣后协定 和 惯 例 之 间的相互关系；时 际 法问 题；嗣后协定和惯例的各种要素；包括：可能发生这一现象的有关期间的起点和 终点、确定各当事方的共同谅解或协议，包括沉默的可能 作 用 、 将行为归于国家 的问题；以及嗣后协定和惯例作为条约修改的可能手段。 daccess-ods.un.org | The introductory report addressed a number of questions including: terminological issues; the general significance of subsequent agreements and practice in treaty interpretation; the question of inter-temporal law; the relationship between evolutionary [...] interpretation and subsequent [...] agreements and practice; the various elements of subsequent agreements and practice, including: the beginning and the end of the relevant period within which this phenomenon may take place, the identification of a common understanding or agreement by the parties, including the potential role of silence, [...]questions of attribution [...]of conduct to the State; as well as subsequent agreements and practice as a possible means of treaty modification. daccess-ods.un.org |
在卷入国际或非国际性武装冲突，包括占领的情况下，有关各国应采取一切必要的措 施，使自己的行为符合保护文化遗产的要求，尤其是符 合 习惯 国 际 法 以 及 有关在敌对时期保 护这类遗产的各项国际协定和教科文组织建议书的原则和宗旨。 unesdoc.unesco.org | When involved in an armed conflict, be it of an international or non-international character, including the case of occupation, States should take all appropriate measures to conduct their activities in such a manner as to [...] protect cultural heritage, in [...] conformity with customary international law and the principles [...]and objectives of international [...]agreements and UNESCO recommendations concerning the protection of such heritage during hostilities. unesdoc.unesco.org |
尽管该宣言没有专门论述敌对时期文化遗 产保护问题，但关于在武装冲突，包括占领的 [...] 情况下保护文化遗产的第 V 部分规定各国有义 务使其战时的活动“符合习惯国际法 以 及 有关 在敌对时期保护这类遗产的各项国际协定和教 [...]科文组织建议书的原则和义务”。 unesdoc.unesco.org | While the Declaration is not specifically focused on the protection of cultural heritage during hostilities, Part V on the Protection of cultural heritage in the event of armed conflict, including the case of occupation provides for the obligation of States to conduct [...] their wartime activities in [...] conformity with “customary international law and the principles [...]and objectives of international [...]agreements and UNESCO recommendations concerning the protection of such heritage during hostilities”. unesdoc.unesco.org |
它们可能会改变环境标准和环保法规 、 生产商 与消费者的行为和习惯以及 社会上不同政党机关之间的互动方式。 ecegp.com | They can potentially bring changes [...] to environmental [...] standards and regulations, producer and consumer behaviors and habits, and ways of [...]social interactions [...]between different parties in society. ecegp.com |
除了宪法保障的基本权利 [...] 之外，该法令进一步规定了儿童的生存和发育权；姓名权；国籍权；健康和卫生 [...] 服务等权利；隐私权；父母关爱、保护和养育权；需要特别保护措施的儿童的权 利；胎儿受保护免受危害等的权利；获得父母财产的权利；社交活动权；与父母 在一起的权利；受保护免受有害的社会和风 俗 习惯 影 响 的权利；受抚养的权利； 和在所有情况下获得法律援助的权利。 daccess-ods.un.org | In addition to the fundamental rights guaranteed in the Constitution, the Act further provides for the right to survival and development of children; right to name; right to nationality; right to health and health services, etc; right to privacy; right to parental care, protection and maintenance; right to a child in need of special protection measures; right of the unborn child to protection against harm, etc; right to parental property; right to social activities; rights to social activities; contractual rights of the child; right to opinion; right to education; child’s right to stay with [...] parents; protection from [...] harmful social and customary practices; right of child to be maintained and the right of children to legal aid in all cases. daccess-ods.un.org |
委员会请缔约国重新考虑它的立场，找到实际办法加强司法程序，包括使 用习惯法，以 有效保护土著和部落人民免受歧视，并提供补救。 daccess-ods.un.org | The Committee invites the State party to reconsider its position and to identify practical methods [...] to strengthen judicial procedures, [...] including through use of customary law practices, [...]where appropriate, for effective protection [...]and remedies against acts of discrimination affecting indigenous and tribal peoples. daccess-ods.un.org |
委员会敦促缔约国在法律上承认土著和部落人民――当地称马伦斯人或丛 林黑人――根据习惯法和传 统土地占有制度所享受的拥有、开发、控制和 利用 其土 地、资源和社区领土的集体权利，以及参加相关自然资源的开采、管理 和保护的集体权利。 daccess-ods.un.org | The Committee urges the State Party to ensure legal [...] acknowledgement of the [...] collective rights of indigenous and tribal peoples – known locally as Maroons and Bush Negroes to own, develop, control and use their lands, resources [...]and communal territories [...]according to customary laws and traditional land-tenure system and to participate in the exploitation, management and conservation of the associated natural resources. daccess-ods.un.org |
领土政府委托进行的一项独立研 [...] 究显示，新喀里多尼亚适用的法律状况，特别是民法状况，是来自多种渠道不同 类型规范共同存在的结果，这些规范包括宗主国法律，新喀里多尼亚根据基本法 所定条件制订的所谓新喀里多尼亚法律，以及 由 习惯法 构 成 的另外一整套在新喀 里多尼亚适用的规则。 daccess-ods.un.org | According to an independent study commissioned by the territorial Government, the law applicable in New Caledonia, including civil law, is a combination of discrete norms from multiple sources: metropolitan law, and the law of New Caledonia, which is the [...] law enacted by New Caledonia [...] pursuant to the Organic Law, as well as customary law as reflected in a set of local norms. daccess-ods.un.org |
该义务尤其可能来源于关于[严重违反国际人道主义法的行为、灭绝种族罪、危害人类罪 和战争罪]的国际法习惯性规范。 daccess-ods.un.org | Such an obligation may derive, in particular, from customary norms of international law concerning [serious violations of international humanitarian law, genocide, crimes against humanity and war crimes]. daccess-ods.un.org |
此外知识产权保护范围的扩大的确带来限制农民再利用、交换和出售种子 的权利，而这是农民用于保 存和发展植物基因资源的传 统 习惯。 iprcommission.org | Moreover, the extension of intellectual property protection does carry the risk of restricting farmers’ rights to reuse, exchange and sell seed, the very practices which form the basis of their traditional role in conservation and development. iprcommission.org |
有人指出，对于和平时期军人的豁免问题，需要区分常驻军 [...] 成员与来访军队成员；前一类军人由军人地位协定约束，而后一类军人的豁免事 项基于习惯法，虽 然这方面的实践并不多。 daccess-ods.un.org | It was observed that, with respect to immunity for military personnel in time of peace, there was need to distinguish between members of stationed forces and those of visiting forces; the former were governed by status-of-forces [...] agreements, while the immunity of the [...] latter was based in customary law – although it [...]was not so significant in practice. daccess-ods.un.org |
德意志联邦共和国：对确认适用的国 际 法 以 及 这些规定的建议表示欢迎，这些规定当 时已被认为是源自 1907 年海牙公约(IV)“陆战法规和惯例公 约”附件 第 46 (2) 和 56 (2) 条 所载的保护概念，后来这些规定又在 1954 年《关于在武装冲突情况下保护文化财产的公 约》（第一项）议定书中得到了更具体的阐述。 unesdoc.unesco.org | Federal Republic of Germany: welcomes the [...] confirmation of [...] applicable international law and this recommendation of provisions which at the time were already regarded as deriving from the concept of protection contained in Article 46 (2) and Article 56 (2) of the Annex to the Hague Convention (IV) Respecting the Laws and Customs [...]of War on Land of 1907 [...]and which were later dealt with more specifically in the 1954 (First) Protocol to the Hague Convention for the Protection of Cultural Property in the Event of Armed Conflict. unesdoc.unesco.org |
由于顾问建筑师的任务特殊，而且工程计划 预先限定不足，所以教科文组织决定根据完成的工程量按比例支付报酬，主要包括 [...] 固定酬金、任选酬金和最后提到的临时雇用酬金（该部分酬金最终的数额与工程总 [...] 量间接地紧密联系在一起）：为了能像公共工程合同 的 惯用 做 法 一 样 按承包量给其 顾问建筑师支付酬金，教科文组织应该将其工程计划做的足够详细和明确，以便候 [...]选人递交一些更省钱、更可靠的投标书，但教科文组织未能这样做。 unesdoc.unesco.org | For the particular case of the mission of consultant architect, the inadequate prior definition of the programme led UNESCO to calculate remuneration as a percentage of the works carried out, most of it in firm and optional phases, and even, in the final analysis, remuneration by unit of time, the final volume of which would indirectly be closely linked to that of the works: in order to be able to [...] remunerate its consultant on a flat-rate [...] basis, as is usual practice in public works [...]contracts, UNESCO would have had to define [...]the detailed programme for the operations with sufficient precision to enable the candidates to submit bids that were economically advantageous and credible, but the Organization was unable to do so. unesdoc.unesco.org |
联合国儿童基金会 一直致力于加强支助，以改变不健康的饮 食 习惯 ， 使 全体人民都有获得营养丰富 的食物的机会，推广使用当地 现有的营养食品，提供关于健康饮 食 习惯 的 信 息， 在农村社区倡导减少女孩与男孩之间的营养纳入差距。 daccess-ods.un.org | UNICEF has been committed to increase [...] support to change [...] unhealthy food habits, making nutritious food accessible to the entire population, promoting the use of locally available nutritious foods, providing information on healthy eating habits and advocating [...]for reducing the [...]disparities between girls’ and boys’ nutritional intake in rural communities. daccess-ods.un.org |
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