| 单词 | 习惯法 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 释义 | 习惯法 —common lawExamples:习惯用法—idiom See also:习惯 n—custom n • habituation n • history n 习惯—be used to • usual practice 习 n—practiceAE n 惯—used to • accustomed to • indulge • spoil (a child)
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委员会还对不同的法律 来源――即，成文法和习惯法―― 的适用表示关切，因为这可破坏缔约国将其立法 [...] 与《公约》统一起来的努力。 daccess-ods.un.org | The Committee also expresses its concern about the [...] application of different sources of law, [...] namely codified and customary laws, which may [...]undermine the State party’s efforts to [...]harmonize its legislation with the Convention. daccess-ods.un.org |
他 还强调了条约作为义务来源之一的重要性，并指出，广泛的国家实践或许表明存 在着一条仍在发展中的习惯法规则。 daccess-ods.un.org | He also stressed the importance of treaties as a source of the [...] obligation, noting that extensive State practice could be an indication of the existence of a [...] developing rule in customary law. daccess-ods.un.org |
以色 列还指出，与条约法相反，习惯法被 认 为是国内法的一部分。 daccess-ods.un.org | It also noted that customary law, in contrast [...] to treaty law, is considered part of the domestic law. daccess-ods.un.org |
应当注意的是，根据安全理事会第 808 号 决议第 2 段编写的联合国秘书长的报告（联合 国 S/25704 号文件，1993 年 5 月 3 日，第 35 [...] 段，第 9 页）指出，“列入国际人道主义协约 [...] 法的下述公约体现了适用于武装冲突的法律， 并完全成为国际习惯法的一 部分：1949 年 8 月 12 日《保护战争受害者各项日内瓦公约》； [...]《陆战法规和惯例》（1907 年 10 月 18 日海牙 [...] 第四公约）和《公约附件陆战法规和惯例章 程》；1948 年 12 月 9 日《防止及惩治灭绝种 族罪公约》和《国际军事法庭宪章》 [省去脚 注参考—— 教科文组织秘书处]。 unesdoc.unesco.org | It should be noted that the Report of the United Nations Secretary-General pursuant to paragraph 2 of Security Council resolution 808 (United Nations document S/25704, 3 May 1993, para. 35, p. 9) stated that “[T]he part of conventional international humanitarian law which has [...] beyond doubt become part of international [...] customary law is the law applicable in [...]armed conflict as embodied in: the Geneva [...]Conventions of 12 August 1949 for the Protection of War Victims; the Hague Convention (IV) Respecting the Laws and Customs of War on Land and the Regulations annexed thereto of 18 October 1907; the Convention on the Prevention and Punishment of the Crime of Genocide of 9 December 1948; and the Charter of the International Military Tribunal of 8 August 1945” [reference to footnotes omitted – the UNESCO Secretariat]. unesdoc.unesco.org |
联合国有关机构和土著人民组织应记录土著人民的森 林 习惯法 ， 向律师和法 官提供培训，作为加强司法多元化的一部分。 daccess-ods.un.org | Relevant United Nations agencies and indigenous peoples’ organizations should document and [...] provide training on [...] indigenous peoples’ customary law related to [...]forests, to lawyers and judges, as part of an effort to strengthen juridical pluralism. daccess-ods.un.org |
有人指出，对于和平时期军人的豁免问题，需要区分常驻军 [...] 成员与来访军队成员；前一类军人由军人地位协定约束，而后一类军人的豁免事 项基于习惯法，虽 然这方面的实践并不多。 daccess-ods.un.org | It was observed that, with respect to immunity for military personnel in time of peace, there was need to distinguish between members of stationed forces and those of visiting forces; the former were governed by status-of-forces [...] agreements, while the immunity of the [...] latter was based in customary law – although it [...]was not so significant in practice. daccess-ods.un.org |
当时设立的习 惯和 宗教法庭是在殖民统治下民众可用的唯一正式的司法体系，其宗旨是运 用习 惯法和穆 斯林法解决有关婚姻、家庭事务以及个人地位，与普通法院并行不悖。 daccess-ods.un.org | The customary and sharia courts therefore constituted a single formal legal system available to the populations under colonization that aimed to apply customary and Islamic laws to resolve [...] differences involving [...]marriage, family affairs and personal status in parallel with ordinary courts. daccess-ods.un.org |
联苏特派团支持这些问题的活动包括与有关机构和立法机构一起发展透 [...] 明、问责和包容的公务员管理；建立和(或)加强解决冲突的机制；协助 把 习惯法纳 入 苏丹南方的法律制度；把苏丹南方政府在苏丹解放军基础上初建的警察部队和民 [...] 族团结政府现有的警察部队改组成按照民主警务国际标准运作的警察部队并进行 [...] 能力建设；以及促进和保护人权，尤其是民族团结政府批准重要的人权公约。 daccess-ods.un.org | UNMIS activities in support of these issues include the development of a transparent, accountable and inclusive civil service administration, together with relevant institutions and legislation; the establishment and/or strengthening of conflict resolution [...] mechanisms; the provision of assistance [...] in the fusion of customary law into the legal system of [...]Southern Sudan; the restructuring [...]and capacity-building of the nascent police force of the Government of Southern Sudan, derived from SPLA and the existing police force of the Government of National Unity, into police services operating in accordance with international standards for democratic policing; and the promotion and protection of human rights, in particular the ratification of important human rights conventions by the Government of National Unity. daccess-ods.un.org |
根据习惯法以及传统国际法的一项规则，当事方不得引用其国内法条款， 作为未适用国际法条款的合理理由；这一规则要求履行一项普遍义务，即不仅国 内法律要与相关国际文书的条款相符，而且不得颁布与该文书不符的法律。 daccess-ods.un.org | According to [...] a rule of both customary and conventional international law, a party may [...]not invoke the provisions of its own [...]domestic law as justification for not applying a provision of international law; this rule entails a general obligation not only to align domestic law with the provisions of the international instrument concerned, but also not to enact legislation which is incompatible with that instrument. daccess-ods.un.org |
相反，它们作为特定类别的国际 习惯法 规 则 而存续下来。 daccess-ods.un.org | Instead, they [...] survived as customary international law rules of a specific [...]category. daccess-ods.un.org |
努力编纂国家法、统一现行法律( 习惯法 、 宗 教法和现代法)并将儿童和妇 女权利国际文书纳入家庭法律和法典，对传统司法体系进行重组，使其有利于弱 势群体。 daccess-ods.un.org | The effort to codify [...] national legislation, the unification of the existing legal systems (customary, religious and [...]modern), and the transposition [...]of international instruments on the rights of the child and the rights of women into domestic law and the Family Code have restructured the traditional legal system to the benefit of vulnerable groups. daccess-ods.un.org |
所 有冲突方也受其他条约，如《儿童权利公约》以及国 际 习惯法 的 约 束。 daccess-ods.un.org | All parties to the conflict are also bound by other treaties, such as the Convention on the Rights of the [...] Child, and by customary international law. daccess-ods.un.org |
维也纳条约法公约》显 [...] 然与这方面相关，因为鉴于其目的和宗旨，该《公约》旨在确定的一个问题是： 另一项公认的无论是习惯法或条 约法的国际法规则，是否可能会对其他的国际文 [...]书产生任何影响。 daccess-ods.un.org | The Vienna Convention on the Law of Treaties evidently does have its relevance in this regard with a view to ascertaining whether, given its object and purpose, [...] another generally accepted rule of [...] international law, whether customary or treaty based, [...]has an impact, if any, on other international instruments. daccess-ods.un.org |
现在，对国际习惯法之形 成的兴趣似乎复苏了，有一部分是受到国内法院试图应 对这一问题的激励――这种努力有时候相当具有争议性。 daccess-ods.un.org | There now appears to be a revival of interest in the [...] formation of customary international law, in part stimulated [...]by the attempts, sometimes [...]quite controversial, of domestic courts to grapple with the issue. daccess-ods.un.org |
布基那法索询问莱索托计划采取何种战略在 农村普及基本人权概念，以协助当地人口 在 习惯法 与 宪 法原则和国际原则之间实 现必要的平衡。 daccess-ods.un.org | Burkina Faso inquired about the strategies planned to apply the fundamental precepts of human rights in rural areas in order to assist [...] the population in achieving the necessary [...] balance between customary law and constitutional [...]and international principles. daccess-ods.un.org |
在许多情况下，这 需要一定程度的群体自治。这种自治属于非领土性的，给予少数群体管理的权 利，如在教育、文化事务等特定领域进行立法的权利，少数群体有权适用属人 法，保留习惯法或习俗惯例。 daccess-ods.un.org | In many cases, this entails some degree of group autonomy, which is nonterritorial and gives the minority the right to administer and even legislate in certain fields, such as education, cultural affairs, application of personal laws and the preservation of customary law or practices, usually with exclusive jurisdiction. daccess-ods.un.org |
作为确保土著人民的风俗习惯和传统体制得到传承的手段，各国应努力依据 本国土地习惯法划定 属于土著人民的土地，并向他们集体授予不可剥夺的土地所 [...] 有权，从而确保对这种权利的承认。 daccess-ods.un.org | As a means of ensuring the survival of the customs and the traditional institutions of indigenous peoples, States should endeavour to delineate the [...] lands belonging to indigenous peoples on the [...] basis of their customary land laws and [...]ensure recognition by granting inalienable [...]land titles on a collective basis. daccess-ods.un.org |
博茨瓦纳代表团 指 出，体罚 依 然 合 法 ， 习惯法 院 、《刑 法典》和《教育法 与条例 [...] 》对体罚 的实施 作出了规定，并对其实行作出了限制。 daccess-ods.un.org | The Delegation noted that corporal punishment is still [...] lawful and that the Customary Courts, the Penal [...]Code and the Education Act and Regulations [...]govern its administration and contains restrictions on its application. daccess-ods.un.org |
索马里政府面临的主要挑战是使传统体制与现 [...] 代国家制度和谐一致，而调和真正的伊斯兰教法、索马 里 习惯法 以 及 现代法之间 的关系，是这项任务的主要支柱之一。 daccess-ods.un.org | The main challenge ahead of the Somali Government is the harmonization between the traditional setting and the modern statehood in which the [...] harmonization between the genuine Islamic sharia [...] law, the Somali customary law and the modern [...]law is one of the main pillars. daccess-ods.un.org |
(四) 习惯国际 法的新规则如何出现；国家的单方面措施如何导致新 规则的研拟；据以评估“习惯规则的偏差”是否已引起 “ 习惯法 之 变 化”的 标准；沉默/默许的潜在作用。 daccess-ods.un.org | (iv) How new rules of customary international law emerge; how unilateral measures by States may lead to the development of new rules; criteria for assessing whether deviations from a customary rule have given rise to a change in customary law; potential role [...] of silence/acquiescence. daccess-ods.un.org |
一个截然不同的问题是，在武装冲突情况 [...] 下保护和保存文化财产的根本原则是否也可以 视为国际习惯法的组 成部分（参见下文第四部 分第 70 段）。 unesdoc.unesco.org | A completely different issue is whether the fundamental principles of protecting and preserving cultural property in [...] the event of armed conflict could also be considered part [...] of international customary law (cf. part IV, [...]para. 70 below). unesdoc.unesco.org |
依照在维也纳条约法公约中编纂的国 际 习惯法 ， 不 符合条约目的和宗旨的保 留是不被允许的。 daccess-ods.un.org | According to [...] international customary law, as codified [...]in the Vienna Convention on the Law of Treaties, reservations incompatible [...]with the object and purpose of a treaty shall not be permitted. daccess-ods.un.org |
辩论中指 出，特别报告员在报告中称，他认为豁免的多种理由不具说服力、无法断言就豁 [...] 免例外问题制定规范已成趋势；这种说法定下了很高的标准，即豁免必须 在 习惯 法中有据可依。 daccess-ods.un.org | It was pointed out that the Special Rapporteur, by arguing in his report that he did not find the various rationales for exceptions convincing and could not definitively assert that a trend toward the establishment of a norm on [...] exceptions to immunity had developed, had set a very high standard that the [...] exceptions must be founded in customary law. daccess-ods.un.org |
LSBF新加坡校区将按照新加坡习惯法对 所有个人资料保密。 cn.lsbf.edu.sg | LSBF in Singapore will keep all personal data confidential in [...] accordance with Singapore common law. lsbf.edu.sg |
(a) 传统知识、遗传资源、山水、文化和精神价值 与 习惯法 之 间 的联系密不可分，它们共同维 护着知识体系的完整性。 wipo.int | (a) Traditional knowledge, genetic [...] resources, landscapes, cultural and [...] spiritual values and customary laws, are inextricably [...]linked and together maintain the integrity of knowledge systems. wipo.int |
研究区分了习俗和部落 社会结构、宗教当局、地方行政当局、专门成立的国 家 习惯法法 院 、 解决冲突的 社区论坛中的不同机制。 daccess-ods.un.org | It distinguishes among mechanisms [...] anchored in customary and tribal social structures, religious authorities, local administrative authorities, specially constituted State customary courts and community [...]forums trained in conflict resolution. daccess-ods.un.org |
刚果还指出，法国签发传票，指示警察将刚果共和国总统 作为案件证人进行询问，是侵犯了“外国国家元首的刑事豁免权，而这种豁免是 得到国际法院判例承认的国际习惯法 规 则 之一”。 daccess-ods.un.org | The Congo further submits that, in issuing a warrant instructing police officers to examine the President of the Republic of the Congo as witness in the case, France has violated “the [...] criminal immunity of a foreign Head of State, [...] an international customary rule recognized by the jurisprudence of the Court”. daccess-ods.un.org |
专家注意到，虽然《禁止酷刑公约》规定酷刑 [...] 行为必须是公职人员或其他以官方身份行事的人员实施或在其唆使、同意、默许 [...] 下实施的，但前南斯拉夫问题国际刑事法庭裁定危害人类罪背景下的酷刑定义与 该公约的定义不同，而在《公约》的框架外，国 际 习惯法 没 有规定对酷刑行为承 担刑事责任的必须是公务员。 daccess-ods.un.org | It was noted that while the Convention Against Torture requires an act of torture to have been inflicted by or at the instigation of or with the consent or acquiescence of a public official or other person acting in an official capacity, the International Criminal Tribunal for the Former Yugoslavia decided that the definition of torture in the context of crimes against humanity is not identical to the definition in the Convention and [...] that outside the framework of [...] the Convention, customary international law does not impose [...]a public official requirement [...]in relation to criminal responsibility for torture. daccess-ods.un.org |
(c) 1998 年 7 月 17 日，设立国际刑事法院罗马全权代表外交会议主席在 向罗马会议全体会议所作的发言中声明，会议就国际刑事法院应该适用哪些处 罚问题进行的辩论表明，对于是否将死刑予以列入的问题不存在国际共识，他 [...] 还进一步声明，在《罗马规约》中不列入死刑对各国关于死刑的法律和实践绝 不会有任何法律影响，也不应该被认为在国 际 习惯法 的 发展过程中或以其他任 何方式影响国家体系对严重罪行判处死刑的合法性。 daccess-ods.un.org | (c) In his statement to the plenary of the Rome Diplomatic Conference of Plenipotentiaries on the Establishment of the International Criminal Court on 17 July 1998, the President of the Conference declared that the debate at the Conference on the issue of which penalties should be applied by the Court showed that there is no international consensus on the inclusion or non-inclusion of the death penalty, and further that not including the death penalty in the Rome Statute would not in any way have a legal bearing on [...] national legislations and practices with regard to the death penalty, nor should it be considered as influencing, in the [...] development of customary international law or in any [...]other way, the legality [...]of penalties imposed by national systems for serious crimes. daccess-ods.un.org |
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