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不過，對於含有最核心違規行為的協議，上述方法並不適用。有關最核心的違規行為包括操縱價格、串通投標、限制產量及分配市場等。 legco.gov.hk	However, this approach does not apply to agreements involving hard-core conduct, such as price-fixing, bid-rigging, output restriction and market allocation. legco.gov.hk
我/我們/本號〕現確認，在提交本投標表格時，除以下備註所指的豁免通訊外，〔我/我們/本號〕並沒有將建議繳納的租金金額傳達房屋署以外的任何人士、透過與任何其他人士的安排調整任何建議繳納的租金金額、與任何其他人士就〔我 / 我們 / 本號〕或該人應否提交投標表格作出任何安排，或以其他任何方式與任何其他人士串通；並承諾，在上述舖位招租後，直至房屋署通知競投者招租結果的任何時間，除以下備註所指的豁免通訊外，〔我/我們/本號〕不會將建議繳納的租金金額傳達房屋署以外的任何人士、透過與任何其他人士的安排調整任何建議繳納的租金金額、與任何其他人士就〔我 / 我們 / 本號〕或該人應否競投作出任何安排，或以其他任何方式與任何其他人士串通。 housingauthority.gov.hk	I/We/Our company] had not communicated to any person other than HD the amount of any rental offer, adjusted the amount of any quotation by arrangement with any other person, made any arrangement with any other person about whether or not [I/we/our company] or that other person should submit a Form of Tender or otherwise colluded with any other person in any manner [...] whatsoever and undertake that at any time thereafter in the letting [...] of the above premises until the bidder is notified by HD of the outcome of the letting exercise and other than the Excepted Communications referred to in the remark below of this Form of Tender [I/we/our company] will not communicate to any person other than HD the amount of any rental offer, adjust the amount of any quotation by arrangement with any other person, make any arrangement with any other person about whether or not [I/we/our company] or that other person should bid or otherwise collude with any other person in any manner whatsoever. housingauthority.gov.hk
会议商定，关于串通问题的论述应当包括以下各点： ( a ) 串通是在两个或多个供应商或承包商、或者在一个或多个供应商或承包商与采购实体联手操纵市场以致妨碍取得特定采购最佳结果的情况下发生的；(b)操纵可能影响到价格，人为地将价格保持在高位，也可能影响到提交书的其他方面（如所提议的质量）；另外，串通可能涉及相互约定瓜分市场，人为哄抬价格或者人为地造成提交书其他方面发生扭曲，串通还可能涉及相互约定不递交提交书，或以其他方式使公平竞争发生扭曲；(c)串通行为可能违反有关国家的法律； ( d ) 串通涉及有关各方串谋的意图；(e)采购实体的代表卷入串通的事情屡见不鲜。 daccess-ods.un.org	It was agreed that the discussion of collusion should include [...] the following elements: (a) collusion occurs where two or more suppliers or contractors, or one or more supplier(s) or contractor(s) and the procuring entity, work in tandem to manipulate the market in a way detrimental to obtaining an optimal outcome in the given procurement; (b) the manipulation might affect the price, keeping it artificially high, or other elements of a submission (such as the quality offered); alternatively, it could involve an agreement to share the market by artificially inflating prices or artificially distorting other elements of a submission, or an agreement not to present submissions or otherwise to distort fair competition; (c) collusion would probably violate the law of the State; (d) collusion involved the intention of the parties concerned to collude; and (e) the complicity of representatives of the procuring entity in collusion was not uncommon. [...] daccess-ods.un.org
政府當局又承諾，就日後的規管架構制訂建議時，當局會按照委員所提建議，探討如何解決物業管理公司與法團串通的問題(例如在管理委員會的選舉事宜上互相串通 ) ，並會考慮委員所提意見，探討是否需要禁止物業管理公司為所屬物業發展商管理旗下屋苑，以避免出現利益衝突。 legco.gov.hk	The Administration further undertook that in working out the recommendations on the future regulatory framework, it would explore ways to address the issue of PMCs colluding with OCs in matters such as elections to the management committees as suggested by members, and to take into consideration members' view regarding the need to prohibit PMCs set up by property developers to manage their housing estates to prevent conflict of interests. legco.gov.hk
为此，贩运网络与专业生产执法装备、武器和相关物资的许多外国公司串通一气，从中得利。 daccess-ods.un.org	To this end, the network benefited from the complicity of numerous foreign companies specialized in the production of law enforcement equipment, weapons and related materiel. daccess-ods.un.org
案件很快提交法庭，农民被定罪。4 在去年的私有化浪潮中，一些私有化案例令人质疑，而且新政府同时推出了加快经济发展的计划，有鉴于此，特别报告员担心，私营公司与军方和政府串通没收土地和其他形式的胁迫案例将会增加。 daccess-ods.un.org	The case went to court very quickly and the farmers were convicted.4 Given the wave of privatizations last year, some under questionable circumstances, along with the new Government’s plans to accelerate economic development, the Special Rapporteur fears an increase in land confiscation and other forms of coercion by private sector actors in collusion with the military and Government. daccess-ods.un.org
对任何运动员施用或企图对其施用某种禁用物质或禁用方法，或者协助、鼓励、资助、教唆、掩盖使用禁用物质与方法的行为，或其他类型的违反反兴奋剂规则的串通行为或任何企图违规的行为。 unesdoc.unesco.org	(h) administration or attempted administration of a prohibited substance or prohibited method to any athlete, or assisting, encouraging, aiding, abetting, covering up or any other type of complicity involving an anti-doping rule violation or any attempted violation. unesdoc.unesco.org
专家组发现，蒙托亚与机场和边境的边防警察局副局长 Gisèle Bernardine Blé警监串通，协助伪造了供斯拉夫飞机技术员使用的 7 本科特迪瓦护照。 daccess-ods.un.org	The Group discovered that Mr. Montoya facilitated the forging of seven Ivorian passports for the Slavic aircraft technicians with Commissioner Gisèle Bernardine Blé, Deputy Director of the Border Police in the airport and at the border. daccess-ods.un.org
特别是，据报告，金融和经济危机促进了串通及其他类型的反竞争行为，为实施竞争法带来许多挑战。 daccess-ods.un.org	In particular, it was reported that the financial and economic crises facilitated the formation of collusion and other types if anticompetitive conduct and posed many challenges for implementing competition law. daccess-ods.un.org
此处的竞争首先是指优先使用公开招标与尽量增加可能参与的供应商数目，其次意味着确保程序对参与者数目的限制不低于可确保参与者真正相互竞争（而不是相互串通）所必需的数目。 daccess-ods.un.org	Competition in this context means, first, a preference for open solicitation to maximize the potential pool of participating suppliers, and, secondly, ensuring that the procedure does not restrict the number of participants below the number required to ensure that they in fact compete (and do not collude). daccess-ods.un.org
6.1 2008年5月2 [...] 日，缔约国重申了先前的论点，并还说，缔约国指称检控方的不当行为以及在审理期间法官与情报官员之间相互串通查无实证。 daccess-ods.un.org	6.1 On 2 May 2008, the State party reiterates its previous submissions and adds that the author’s claims [...] of inadequate behavior by the [...] accusation as well as of communication between the judge [...] and intelligence officers during the [...] trial have not been confirmed. daccess-ods.un.org
串通投标的竞争法律和政策。如果两部法律的执行工作缺乏协调，就有可能使一个卡特尔集团中标，造成市场上的冲突，从而将纳税人的收入转移到私营公司上。 daccess-ods.un.org	An absence of coordination in the enforcement of the two laws would create conflict in the market, through the possibility of tenders being awarded to a cartel group, thus transferring taxpayers’ earnings to private companies. daccess-ods.un.org
(c) 转移了对武装组织开展军事行动的注意力，与这些组织相安无事，个别情况下还与其相互串通。 daccess-ods.un.org	(c) Distraction from the pursuit of military operations against armed groups, leading to cohabitation and in some cases active collusion with those same groups. daccess-ods.un.org
关于特别报告员呼吁各国在审前拘留中废除单独监禁的做法并在审前阶段采用有效措施提高调查效率、采用替代性管制措施，以便对相关个人进行隔离，保护正在进行的调查以及避免被拘留者串通一气，她想知道特别报告员是否可以提供一些有效替代方案的实例。 daccess-ods.un.org	With regard to the Special Rapporteur’s call for States to abolish the practice of solitary confinement in pretrial detention and adopt effective measures at the pretrial stage to improve the efficiency of investigation and introduce alternative control measures in order to segregate individuals, protect ongoing investigations, and avoid detainee collusion, she wondered whether he might provide examples of effective alternatives. daccess-ods.un.org
(b) 查出并制裁串通投标，包括国际卡特尔和其它反竞争做法的办法和程序 daccess-ods.un.org	(b) Techniques and procedures for detecting and sanctioning collusive tendering, including international cartels and other anticompetitive practices daccess-ods.un.org
工作组承认框架协议得到广泛使用，并注意到有关法域在使用这些框架协 [...] 议方面的积极经验（以及对其加以明确规定的趋势），因此委托秘书处为《示范法》和《指南》编写起草材料，规定框架协议的使用条件，并规定必要保障措 [...] 施，防止出现框架协议使用中经常遇到的问题，如供应商相互串通、腐败和反竞争等风险（A/CN.9/615，第 [...] 11 和 81 段）。 daccess-ods.un.org	The Working Group, recognizing the widespread use of framework agreements and noting positive experience with their use in some jurisdictions (and trends towards their express regulation), entrusted the Secretariat with the preparation of drafting materials for the Model Law and the Guide that would set out conditions for the use of [...] framework agreements and provide necessary [...] safeguards against commonly encountered [...] problems in their use, such as risks of collusion [...] among suppliers, corruption and anti-competitiveness (A/CN.9/615, paras. 11 and 81). daccess-ods.un.org
农业跨国公司、政府和国际机构串通一气，使得小规模粮食生产者益发贫困，并被剥夺了获取种子、各类生物品种及其他生产资源的固有权利。 fao.org	The collusion between agro-transnational [...] corporations, governments, and international [...] agencies have resulted in driving small food [...] producers into greater poverty and robbing [...] them of their inherent right to seeds, breeds and other productive resources. fao.org
我认为，安全理事会未能对加沙事态承担起道义和法律责任，并在加沙事件中与某些方面串通，这使人们极难听得进去我们谈论正当性、道德和价值观。 daccess-ods.un.org	I believe that the failure of the Security Council to assume its moral and legal responsibilities for the events in Gaza and its complicity with certain actors in those events have made it extremely difficult for people to hear us speak of legitimacy, ethics and values. daccess-ods.un.org
明确排除全损以外的损失，以及由于你的欺诈、欺骗、非法或犯罪行为造成的损失，不管是你个人所为还是与他人串通所为。 iasdirect.com	Any loss other than total loss, and any loss which is due to any fraudulent, deceptive, illegal, or criminal act by You, whether acting alone or in collusion with others, is specifically excluded. iasdirect.com
当作为防止犯罪被告人之间串通一气的一种手段，合法使用单独监禁时，必须将禁止与外界接触的羁押作为一项绝对例外的措施，监禁时间不得超过他在有关长期单独监禁的禁令中建议的 15 天，并且必须受法律机关的监督，以非常严格的保障为条件。 daccess-ods.un.org	In cases where solitary confinement was used, legitimately, as a means of preventing collusion among persons accused of a crime, incommunicado detention must be imposed as a strictly exceptional measure, for fewer than the 15 days that he had proposed in the ban on prolonged solitary confinement, and it must be supervised by legal authorities and subject to very strict guarantees. daccess-ods.un.org
为造成影响”一语系指双方为对法庭造成特别影响而实施串通舞弊行为。 daccess-ods.un.org	The phrase “for effect” refers to an act of collusion by two parties to have a particular effect on a court. daccess-ods.un.org
家庭和社区中的其他妇女在这一方面串通一气，这加强了妇女作为财产的概念，并深化了对女性家庭成员的暴力可以得到容忍并在家庭内部私下解决这样一种理念。 daccess-ods.un.org	Complicity by other women in the family and the community strengthens the concept of women as property and embeds the perception that violence against female family members is to be tolerated and remedied privately within the family environment. daccess-ods.un.org
我现在注视着他，而他不久又转过身来，串通一气地瞥了我一眼并又轻轻地打了她一下。 ipaworld.org	I keep an eye on him now, and he soon turns around again, gives me a complicit glance and gently hits her again. ipaworld.org
XIAMETER网上公告板禁止张贴下列内容：猥亵或攻击性言语、对任何个人或公司的诽谤性言论、关于某人的私人信息、价格串通、联合抵制、操纵投标、市场/地区/客户分配以及其它任何非法活动或行为。 xiameter.com.cn	The following are prohibited on the Xiameter Online Bulletin Board: obscene or offensive language, defamatory comments about any person or [...] company, personal information about an [...] individual, price collusion, boycotting, [...] bid-rigging, market/territory/customer allocation [...] and any other unlawful practice or conduct. xiameter.com
这包括商家与同业者同意统一、维持或变更商品价格，串通招投标,市场份额等协定和行为以及商家滥用市场垄断地位。 chinese.sccci.org.sg	Examples include price fixing, bid-rigging, market-sharing and abusing market power. english.sccci.org.sg
国际上日益增加的流动性，使得这些不同的网络——不管它们参与武器、自然资源和矿物资源、毒品还是人口的贩运——能够以不透明的方式串通起来，建立相互支持的联盟，有时候同恐怖网络、武装团体和分裂运动挂上钩。 daccess-ods.un.org	The increasing fluidity at the international level has made it possible for those various networks — whether they are associated with trafficking in weapons, natural and mineral resources, drugs or human beings — to link up in non-transparent ways and set up mutually supporting alliances that sometimes involve terrorist networks, armed groups and separatist movements. daccess-ods.un.org
杨贵妃得势后，与其兄杨国忠串通一气，玩弄权术，陷害忠良。 chinesestoryonline.com	As a beautiful and versatile woman, Yang Yu Huan successfully earned almost all love of the emperor, especially during his later years. chinesestoryonline.com
墨西哥的反壟斷法禁止壟斷和若干被視為「絕對壟斷行為」的橫向限制行為，並嚴禁操縱價格、限制生產與分銷市場分配及串通競投公開招標。 commercial.hsbc.com.hk	Mexico's anti-trust law prohibits monopolies and certain horizontal restrictive practices deemed to be 'absolute monopolistic practices'. commercial.hsbc.com.hk
他宣称，审理期间，他的律师及其本人均要求法官更换公诉人，以及指出了法官与克格勃官员之间相互串通问题。 daccess-ods.un.org	He claims that during the trial his lawyer and [...] himself requested the judge to replace the prosecutor as well as [...] noted the judge’s communication with the KGB officers. daccess-ods.un.org
这些批评源于东英格利亚大学邮件系统受到的一次黑客攻击，由此人们得知一些科学专家有可能在气候问题上相互勾结串通，隐藏了某些科学信息，从而操纵研究数据，使得环境问题显得比现实中更为严重。 on-the-move.org	This was triggered by the hacking of East Anglia University e-mails, which unveiled alleged collusion by climate scientists to withhold scientific information and manipulate data to make the case for global warming appear stronger than it is. on-the-move.org

串通 noun ()—

collusion n

串通 ()—

collude

Examples:

串通一气—

通用串行总线—

See also:

串—

串—

通—

通—

通 v—

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External sources (not reviewed)

串通 noun ()—

collusion n

串通 ()—

collude

Examples:

串通一气—

通用串行总线—

See also:

串—

串—

通—

通—

通 v—

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