| 单词 | 中法战争 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 释义 | 中法战争 —Sino-French War (1883-1885) (concerning French seizure of |
中国理解该国因长期战争和贫困面临的特殊困难， 但 中 国 相 信，在国际社会的支 持下，刚果能够改善其人权和人道主义状况。 daccess-ods.un.org | China understood the special difficulties faced by the country due to protracted wars and poverty and [...] believed that, with the [...]support of the international community, the State would improve its human rights and humanitarian situation. daccess-ods.un.org |
这种立法为以下任何罪行或罪行组合规定了普遍管辖权： (a) 严重违反日内瓦四公约及其《第一附加议定书》的行为(主要是英联邦成员 国)；(b) 1954 [...] 年《海牙公约》《第二号议定书》和《保护所有人免遭强迫失踪国 [...] 际公约》特别规定的犯罪(例如塞浦路斯、日本和荷兰)；(c) 没有条约规定普遍 管辖权的其他违反国际人道主义法行 为 ，如在非国际武装冲 突 中 实 施 的 战争罪 ( 比利时、加拿大、新西兰和菲律宾)以及违反禁止或管制使用某种武器的行为(南 [...] 非)；(d) 《罗马规约》第 8 条所列的战争罪(比利时、加拿大、德国、新西兰和 联合王国)。 daccess-ods.un.org | This legislation provides for universal jurisdiction over any or a combination of the following: (a) grave breaches of the Geneva Conventions and Additional Protocol I thereto (primarily States members of the Commonwealth); (b) crimes specified under the Second Protocol to the 1954 Hague Convention and the International Convention for the Protection of All Persons from Enforced Disappearance (for example, Cyprus, Japan and the Netherlands); (c) other [...] violations of international [...] humanitarian law where no treaty requires universal jurisdiction, such as war crimes committed in [...]non-international armed [...]conflict (Belgium, Canada, New Zealand and the Philippines) and violations of treaties that either prohibit or regulate the use of certain weapons (South Africa); (d) the war crimes list contained in article 8 of the Rome Statute (Belgium, Canada, Germany, New Zealand and the United Kingdom). daccess-ods.un.org |
在从结构方面预防冲突和 建设和平文化范围内编写了《非洲法 语 国 家应用的历史教材一览 ： 中 小 学 教育实例》这份材 料提出了解除非洲历史教学武装的工作思路，做到课程设置进一步强调会聚融合的历史因素 而非战争事实。 unesdoc.unesco.org | Drawn up in the context of the structural prevention of conflicts and the construction of a culture of peace, the critical [...] inventory of history [...] textbooks in use in French-speaking Africa: primary and secondary education offers pointers for disarming the teaching of history in Africa so that curricula place more emphasis on historical factors of convergence than on acts of war. unesdoc.unesco.org |
大会在同一决议第五节第 11 段中请秘书长寻求更加有效的战略，及时填补 所有工作地点现有和未来的语文员额空缺，表示注意到秘书长关于会议时地分配 办法的报 告(A/63/119 和 Corr.1)第 92 段，又请秘书长尽早举行该段提及的语文 工作人员竞争性征 聘考试和 2009 年后的其他考试，以便及时填补所有工作地点 现有和未来的语文员额空缺，并向大会第六十四届会议通报这方面的努力。 daccess-ods.un.org | In section V, paragraph 11, of the same resolution, the General Assembly requested the [...] Secretary-General to seek a more [...] effective strategy to fill current and future language post vacancies at all duty stations in a timely manner, took note of paragraph 92 of the report of the Secretary-General on the pattern of conferences (A/63/119 and Corr.1), and also requested the Secretary-General to hold the competitive examinations for [...]the recruitment of language [...]staff referred to in that paragraph, as well as other examinations beyond 2009, well in advance so as to fill current and future language post vacancies at all duty stations in a timely manner, and to inform the Assembly at its sixty-fourth session of efforts in that regard. daccess-ods.un.org |
冲突双方必 须遵守战争法则，从而避免平民在战 斗 中 首 当 其冲。 daccess-ods.un.org | Both parties to the conflict must [...] respect the rules of war so that civilians do not bear the brunt of the fighting. daccess-ods.un.org |
大会第六十五届会议重申其先前的呼吁，要求所有国家严格遵守《禁止 在战 争中使用 窒息性、毒性或其他气体和细菌作战 方 法 议 定书》的原则和目标；秘书 长向大会第六十七届会议提交一份关于决议执行情况的报告(第 65/51 号决议)。 daccess-ods.un.org | At its sixty-fifth session, the General Assembly renewed its previous call to all States to observe strictly the principles and objectives of the [...] Protocol for the Prohibition [...] of the Use in War of Asphyxiating, Poisonous or Other Gases, and of Bacteriological Methods of Warfare; and [...]requested the Secretary-General [...]to submit to the Assembly at its sixty-seventh session a report on the implementation of the resolution (resolution 65/51). daccess-ods.un.org |
各国政府表示，已对下列罪行通过专项立法，如海盗罪、灭绝种族罪、危害 人类罪、酷刑、战争罪(其中包括 侵害个人的战争罪行、侵犯私有财产和其他权利 的战争罪行、针对人道主义行动和人道主义标志的战争罪行、使用 非 法战 争 方 法的 战争罪行和采用非法作战手段的战争罪行)、恐怖主义相关犯罪、涉及雇佣军活动 的犯罪以及麻醉药品和精神药物相关罪行。 daccess-ods.un.org | Governments indicated that specific legislation [...] had been passed in relation to such crimes as piracy; genocide; crimes against humanity; torture; war crimes, including war crimes against persons, war crimes against private property and other rights, war crimes against humanitarian [...]operations and emblems, war crimes concerning illegal methods of war, and war crimes [...]concerning illegal means of war; terrorism-related offences; offences concerning mercenary activities; and crimes relating to narcotic drugs and psychotropic substances. daccess-ods.un.org |
此外，威胁、挑战和改革问题高级别小组的报告（A/59/565）以及秘书长题 [...] 为“大自由：实现人人共享的发展、安全和人权”的报告（A/59/2005）向冲突 地区和冲突后地区的千百万妇女和女孩提出了一些至关重要的倡议，包括：设立 建设和平委员会；加强对预防冲突的重视；负责保护民众免遭灭绝种族罪 、 战争 罪、 族裔清洗和危害人类罪；更加有效地保护人权以及加 强 法 治。 un.org | Furthermore, the report of the High-level Panel on Threats, Challenges and Change (A/59/565) and the report of the Secretary-General “In larger freedom: towards development, security and human rights for all” (A/59/2005) proposed a number of initiatives of vital importance to millions of women and girls in conflict and post-conflict areas, including: the creation of a Peacebuilding Commission; increased focus on conflict prevention; the responsibility [...] to protect populations [...] from genocide, war crimes, ethnic cleansing and crimes against humanity; more effective protection of human rights; and enhanced rule of law. un.org |
由此带来了 其他立法举措，其中许多体现了佛得角批准的国际条约的规定，例如 2004 年的新 《刑法 》 ，这些立法中 列入了家庭暴力、 反 人 类罪、 种族灭绝以及 违反战 争 法 律 罪 。 daccess-ods.un.org | As a result, other legislative initiatives have been made, many of which reflect the provisions of the international treaties ratified by Cape Verde, such as the new Penal Code [...] of 2004, which [...] covers crimes related to domestic violence, crimes against humanity, genocide and crimes against the laws of war. daccess-ods.un.org |
关于这封信中讨论的有罪不罚问题，我们还想提请你注意，在 2008 年 12 月 底和 2009 年 1 月初的以色列对加沙地带的战争中， Ra ya Abu Hajjaj 和她的女 儿 Majda 明显举着白旗，却被一名以色列士兵蓄意冷血地杀害；而 2012 年 8 月 12 日，以色列法庭仅判处这名士兵 45 天监禁。 daccess-ods.un.org | Relevant to the issues of impunity discussed in the present letter, we would also like [...] to bring to your [...] attention that, on 12 August 2012, an Israeli court convicted an Israeli soldier — who had deliberately killed in cold blood Raya Abu Hajjaj and her daughter Majda, who were clearly holding up white [...]flags, during Israel’s [...]war against the Gaza Strip in late December 2008 and in the beginning of January 2009 — to just 45 days of imprisonment. daccess-ods.un.org |
举 例而言，这可包括以下领域的经验：国内严重和复杂罪行的辩护，如恐怖主义、 杀人、非预谋杀人、贩运和复杂的白领罪行等罪案；涉及国际层面的案子的辩护 经验，诸如国际司法协助 、复杂的移民案、超国家的罪行；以 及 战争 罪 、 灭绝种 族罪和危害人类罪的辩护经验。 daccess-ods.un.org | For example, this may include experience in the following areas: the defence of those charged with serious and complex crimes at the domestic level, such as terrorism, homicide, manslaughter, trafficking and complex white-collar crimes; the defence of cases with international dimensions, such [...] as those involving [...] international judicial assistance, complex immigration issues or supranational crime; and the defence of those charged with war crimes, genocide [...]and crimes against humanity. daccess-ods.un.org |
应当注意的是，根据安全理事会第 808 号 决议第 2 段编写的联合国秘书长的报告（联合 国 S/25704 号文件，1993 年 5 月 3 日，第 35 段，第 9 [...] 页）指出，“列入国际人道主义协约 [...] 法的下述公约体现了适用于武装冲突的法律， 并完全成为国际习惯法的一部分：1949 年 8 月 12 日《保护战争受害 者各项日内瓦公约》； 《陆战法规和 惯例》（1907 年 10 月 18 日海牙 第四公约）和《公约附件陆战法规和惯例章 [...]程》；1948 年 12 月 9 日《防止及惩治灭绝种 [...]族罪公约》和《国际军事法庭宪章》 [省去脚 注参考—— 教科文组织秘书处]。 unesdoc.unesco.org | It should be noted that the Report of the United Nations Secretary-General pursuant to paragraph 2 of Security Council resolution 808 (United Nations document S/25704, 3 May 1993, para. 35, p. 9) stated that “[T]he part of conventional international humanitarian law which has beyond doubt become part of international customary law is the law applicable in armed conflict as embodied in: the Geneva Conventions of 12 [...] August 1949 for the [...] Protection of War Victims; the Hague Convention (IV) Respecting the Laws and Customs of War on Land and [...]the Regulations annexed [...]thereto of 18 October 1907; the Convention on the Prevention and Punishment of the Crime of Genocide of 9 December 1948; and the Charter of the International Military Tribunal of 8 August 1945” [reference to footnotes omitted – the UNESCO Secretariat]. unesdoc.unesco.org |
它还注意到政府努力关照以往新殖民 战争中 的 致残 者。 daccess-ods.un.org | It also noted the Government’s efforts to provide care to people with disabilities as [...] a result of the past neocolonial war. daccess-ods.un.org |
1994 年 7 月，该国又颁布了《应用 战争法处理具体案件指南》，其中提 到了《轰 击规则：军事目标、受保护的设施和物体》以 及《关于文化和宗教财产的轰击规则》。 unesdoc.unesco.org | In July 1994 the “Guide to the [...] Settlement of Specific [...] Cases in the Application of the Laws of Warfare” was issued covering, among [...]other things, the following: [...]“Rules of Bombardment: Military Targets and Objectives, Protected Facilities and Objects”, and “Rules of Bombardment regarding Cultural and Religious Property”. unesdoc.unesco.org |
在检察官诉拉多万·卡拉季奇(Radovan Karadžić)一案中，被告——塞族共 和国前总统——被控犯有 11 项灭绝种族罪、危害人类罪和违反 战争法 或 惯 例。 daccess-ods.un.org | the accused — the [...] former President of Republika Srpska — is charged with 11 counts of genocide, crimes against humanity, and violations of the laws or customs of war. daccess-ods.un.org |
但我们的确认为鼓励和帮助发展中国 家 建立自己的 竞 争法 律体制会更符合它们的利益。 iprcommission.org | But we do think encouraging and assisting [...] them to build their own competition law regimes could better serve [...]the interests of developing countries. iprcommission.org |
在访问期间，工作组发现，非洲人后裔在葡萄牙面临的 挑 战 主 要 涉及他们 作为一个特定群体在葡萄牙国家政策和 立 法 框 架 中 得 不到承认；其在历史上对 该国的建设和发展作出积极贡献得不到承认；没有按种族或族裔分列的定性和 定量的分类数据；贫困、获得教育、公共服务和就业机会不平等，以及在行政 和司法制度运作方面的歧视，形成恶性循环；存在种族貌相和警察暴力；在政 治和体制决策进程中代表不足，以及葡萄牙缺少针对非洲人后裔或其他少数群 [...] 体的具体措施或扶持行动政策。 daccess-ods.un.org | During their visit, the Working Group [...] found that the challenges faced by people of African descent in Portugal related mainly to their lack of recognition as a specific group in the national policy and legal framework; the lack [...]of recognition of their [...]positive contribution throughout history to the construction and development of the country; the lack of qualitative and quantitative disaggregated data by racial or ethnic origin; the existence of a circle of poverty, unequal access to education, public services, employment, as well as discrimination in the administration and functioning of the justice system; existence of racial profiling and police violence; underrepresentation in political and institutional decision-making processes, as well as the lack of special measures or affirmative action policies in Portugal for people of African descent or other minorities. daccess-ods.un.org |
特别委员会要 求定期介绍使用指标的最新情况，评估其如何支持加强法治的国家 司 法战 略 ，如 何协助在维持和平环境中规划 法治工作和提供法治援助。 daccess-ods.un.org | The Special Committee requests periodic updates on the use of the indicators and an assessment of how [...] [...] they have supported national justice strategies to strengthen the rule of law and [...]assisted rule-of-law planning and assistance in peacekeeping contexts. daccess-ods.un.org |
德意志联邦共和国：对确认适用的国际法以及这些规定的建议表示欢迎，这些规定当 时已被认为是源自 1907 年海牙公约(IV)“陆战法规和 惯例公约”附件 第 46 (2) 和 56 (2) 条 所载的保护概念，后来这些规定又在 1954 年《关于在武装冲突情况下保护文化财产的公 约》（第一项）议定书中得到 了更具体的阐述。 unesdoc.unesco.org | Federal Republic of Germany: welcomes the confirmation of applicable international law and this recommendation of provisions which at the time were already regarded as deriving [...] from the concept [...] of protection contained in Article 46 (2) and Article 56 (2) of the Annex to the Hague Convention (IV) Respecting the Laws and Customs of War on Land of 1907 and which were later dealt with more specifically in the 1954 (First) Protocol to [...]the Hague Convention [...]for the Protection of Cultural Property in the Event of Armed Conflict. unesdoc.unesco.org |
他们还建议把这些专题/战略有效地纳入本组织的各项计划中，特别是通过（a）高层恰当的协调，（b）对项目仔细评估— 关注诸如以下的问题：跨学科行动，与直接相关群体的伙伴关系，尊重人人都享有的平等尊 严，与贫困作斗争中的文 化因素，以及吸收非政府组织参与教科文组织活动的制定、实施和 评估，（c）以真正的跨学科精神对各重大计划内的横向专题之间的联系做出更清晰的表 述，（d）（一些非政府组织认为）减少高质量/影响大的项目数量，以保证其影响更大、知 名度更高，（e）加强与非政府组织的伙伴关系，特别是通过在一些消除贫困项目中的直接 合作。 unesdoc.unesco.org | They also recommend the effective integration of these themes/strategies into the Organization’s programmes, in particular through (a) adequate highlevel coordination; (b) the careful evaluation of projects – paying attention to issues such as multidisciplinary action, partnerships with populations directly [...] concerned, the respect for the equal [...]dignity of each human being, the cultural dimension of the fight against poverty, and the association of NGOs with the formulation, implementation and evaluation of UNESCO’s activities; (c) a clearer articulation of cross-cutting projects within the major programmes in a spirit of true interdisciplinarity; (d) (for some NGOs) a smaller number of high-quality/high-impact projects, to ensure greater impact and visibility; (e) greater partnership with NGOs, in particular through explicit partnership in some projects of poverty eradication. unesdoc.unesco.org |
对《罗马规约》作了进一步修订，将 其中 战争罪的 定义扩展到包括在非国际性武装冲突中使用某些武器。 daccess-ods.un.org | The Rome Statute was further amended to expand [...] the definition of war crimes to include [...]the use of certain weapons in non-international armed conflicts. daccess-ods.un.org |
安全理事会将通过的关于停止对加沙的侵略和 战争的决议必须重申，必须在真正和有效的国际监 督下继续推动政治进程，以确保将在 1967 年边界内 建立以圣城为首都的独立巴勒斯坦国，根据 1948 年大会第 194(III)号决议找到巴勒斯坦难民问题 的公正和商定解决办法，并 释放所有被关押者和囚 犯。 daccess-ods.un.org | The resolution to be adopted by the Security [...] Council on the cessation of [...] aggression and war against Gaza must reiterate the need for the political process to continue under genuine and effective international supervision in order to ensure that an independent Palestinian State will be created within the 1967 borders and with Al-Quds Al-Sharif as its capital; that a just and agreed solution will be found to the issue of Palestinian refugees in accordance with [...]General Assembly resolution [...]194 (III) of 1948; and that all detainees and prisoners will be released. daccess-ods.un.org |
这些人才在确保美国 在全球经济中的持续竞争能力 ，促进国际理解以及解决美国乃至 全球面临的一些重大挑战中将发挥至关重要的作用。 fgereport.org | Such individuals will be crucial to ensure our [...] nation’s continuing [...] ability to compete in the global economy, foster international understanding, and solve many of the greatest challenges that face our [...]nation and the world. fgereport.org |
罗马尼亚认为，应该特别关注非对称战争以及与私营军事公司有关的问题 (例如遵守国际人道主义法、人权法、 战争 惯 例、交战规则和冲突后局势)对国际 人道主义法产生的挑战。 daccess-ods.un.org | Romania considers that particular attention should be paid to the challenges posed to [...] international humanitarian law [...] by asymmetric warfare and by the issues related to private military companies such as compliance with international humanitarian law, human rights law, customs [...]of war, rules of engagement and post-conflict situations. daccess-ods.un.org |
在安全理事会关于题为“恐怖行为对国际和平与安全造成的威胁”的项目的 通报会期间，阿塞拜疆总统作为一个在其旨在消灭纳戈尔诺-卡拉巴赫人民 的战 争中猖狂 利用数以千计的与国际上臭名昭著的恐怖网络密切关联的雇佣军的国 家的领导人，徒劳地企图将自己与恐怖团体保持联系的责任强加给别人。 daccess-ods.un.org | During the Security Council briefing on the item “Threats to international peace and security caused by terrorist acts”, the President of Azerbaijan made an unsuccessful attempt to lay its own responsibility for links with terrorist groups on others, being the leader of a country that actively used thousands of mercenaries closely linked to notorious international terrorist networks in its war aimed at the annihilation of the people of Nagorno-Karabakh. daccess-ods.un.org |
我们对发展中国家 不愿意踏上这条路表示理解，但它们 竞 争法 规 的 制定及有效 的国际合作可以弥补《与贸易有关的知识产权协议 》 中 限 制 全球竞争、约束某些情况下技 术转让的一些规定。 iprcommission.org | We understand the reluctance of [...] developing [...] countries to embark down this path, but the development of national competition laws and effective international cooperation could act as a counterbalance to the aspects of the TRIPS agreement which [...]have the [...]effect of restricting competition globally, and inhibiting technology transfer in certain circumstances. iprcommission.org |
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