| 单词 | 中法 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 释义 | 中法 —Sino-Frenchless common: China-France (cooperation) Examples:中法战争—Sino-French War (1883-1885) (concerning French seizure of Vietnam) 中法新约—treaty of Tianjin of 1885 ceding Vietnam France 中国法学会—China Law Society (想法)浮现在脑海中 v—occur v
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在該兩宗個案中，法 庭亦曾考慮其他相關的因素，例如違例者的駕駛紀錄。 legco.gov.hk | In both cases, other relevant factors, such as the driving record of the offender, have been taken into account. legco.gov.hk |
在商議過程中，法案委 員會要求 政府當局考慮一位委員的建 議，將由英文字母“LC”組成的登記號碼(條 例 草案規定 保留給 行政管 理 委員會)推出作公開拍賣或在自訂車牌號碼計劃下供 公 眾 申請；而由英 文字母“LEGCO”組成的相若 車牌號碼組合，則予保留以供 編 配予行政 管 理委員會擁 有的車輛。 legco.gov.hk | In the course of deliberation, the Administration has been asked to consider a member's suggestion that registration marks consisting of the letters "LC" which are reserved for the Commission under the Bill should be released for public auction or for application under the PVRMs Scheme; while similar combinations consisting of the letters "LEGCO" can be reserved for assignment to vehicles owned by the Commission instead. legco.gov.hk |
實 情 卻 是 在 香 港 來 說，‚ 案 中 案 ‛ 程 序 在 地 方 法 院 審 訊 中 的 使 用 頻 密 程 度 幾 乎 與 原 訟 庭 的 一 樣 ， 而 在 地 方 法 院 進 行 的 審 訊 中 ， 法 官 開 庭 之 時 並 無 陪 審 團 在 場 ， 法 官 本 人 頇 履 行 法 官 兼 陪 審 團 的 雙 重 職 能 。 hkreform.gov.hk | The fact is that in Hong Kong the procedure is used almost as frequently in trials in the District Court, where the judge sits without a jury and performs the function of both judge and jury, as it is in the High Court. hkreform.gov.hk |
食典委注意到，需要清楚第 7 项建议中法典秘 书处“更前瞻的角色”和有关“进 行国际谈判的新方法”的意义。 codexalimentarius.org | The Commission noted a request to clarify what was intended in Recommendation 7 by a “more proactive role” of the Codex Secretariat and the reference to “new means of conducting international negotiation”. codexalimentarius.org |
2004年第T-025 号决定之后发布的一系列命令中，法 院 要 求 国家当局制定结果指标监测国内流离失所者切实享有权利的情况，包括最低生活 [...] 收入权、自给自足权、住房权、安全返乡权、卫生保健权和受教育权。 daccess-ods.un.org | In a series of orders issued subsequent to its decision [...] T-025 of 2004, the Court called upon national [...]authorities to develop results indicators [...]to monitor the effective enjoyment of rights by IDPs, including the rights to minimum subsistence income, support for self-sufficiency, housing, safe return to their lands, health care and education. daccess-ods.un.org |
根据这些新的进展，并对经过评估确定的需求进行响应，教科文组织应考虑在教 育领域的宪法改革中提供 技术援助，以保证新的 宪 法中 的 受 教育权。 unesdoc.unesco.org | In light of these new developments and in response to assessed needs, UNESCO should consider [...] providing technical [...] assistance in constitutional reform in the field of education in order to guarantee the right to education in a new Constitution. unesdoc.unesco.org |
由于《欧洲理 事会条例》中“主要利益中心”的提法与示 范 法中 的 提 法 相 符 ，虽然为了不同 的目的（见第 123A 段），解释《欧洲理事会条例》的法理可能也与解释示范法 相关。 daccess-ods.un.org | Since the formulation “centre of main interests” in the EC Regulation corresponds to that of the Model Law, albeit for different purposes (see para. 123A), jurisprudence interpreting the EC Regulation may also be relevant to interpretation of the Model Law. daccess-ods.un.org |
法律援助是一项基本人权，并且是以法治为依据并且行之有效的刑事司法 系统的一个基本要件，是享有包括公平审判权等其他权利的基石，并且是确保 刑事司法程序基本公平并且得到公众信任的一个重要保障，c 各国应当尽最大可 能在本国法律体系中保障获得法律援助的权利，包括酌情在 宪 法中 保 障 这一权 利。 daccess-ods.un.org | Recognizing that legal aid is a fundamental human right and an essential element of a functioning criminal justice system that is based on the rule of law, a foundation for the enjoyment of other rights, including the right to a fair trial, and an important safeguard that ensures fundamental fairness and public trust in the criminal justice process,c States should guarantee the right to legal aid in their national legal systems at the highest possible level, including, where applicable, in the constitution. daccess-ods.un.org |
临时宪法中需要在新宪法 中解决 的缺陷包括：对非公民的权利不够尊重；正当法律程序权得不到保障；自 由和安全权的范围有限；处理国际犯罪的追溯刑法规定没有例外；关于对权利作 出更多减损和限制不符合《公民权利和政治权利国际公约》；缺少对人权受到侵 害者的有效补救和赔偿机制；保证经济、社会和文化权利与公民和政治权利具有 同等地位的规定缺少可实施性。 daccess-ods.un.org | Shortcomings in the interim Constitution that should be remedied in the new Constitution include inadequate respect for the rights of non-citizens; inadequate guarantee of due process rights; limited coverage of the rights to liberty and security; lack of exception for retrospective criminal laws dealing with international crimes; provisions permitting broader derogations and limitations of rights contrary to the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights; lack of guarantees in relation to effective remedy and reparations for victims of human rights violations; and the lack of enforceability of economic, social and cultural rights guarantees on an equal footing with civil and political rights. daccess-ods.un.org |
至于电子逆向拍卖，虽然第(1)款(i)项将其列为一种单独采购方法，但也可 [...] 以将其作为一种（类似于第(2)款中提及的框架协议的）安排使用，作为第(1)款 中列出的任何采购方法中授予 采购合同之前的最后阶段加以使用，以及在框架 [...]协议下在授予采购合同时使用。 daccess-ods.un.org | Although listed in paragraph (1)(i) as a stand-alone procurement method, electronic reverse auctions may also be used as a technique (similarly to framework agreements referred to in paragraph (2)), as the final [...] phase preceding the award of the procurement [...] contract in any method of procurement [...]listed in paragraph (1), as well as in the [...]award of procurement contracts under framework agreements. daccess-ods.un.org |
这一时期的特点在于：第 一，在建立和运作两院制议会时加强立法机关的作用，同时两院制议会在通过各 [...] 项法律时应将全国和区域的利益考虑在内；第二，提升政党和民间社会机构对通 过国家最重要决议的作用和影响，提高非政府组织对国家机构进行公众监督的威 [...] 信和意义；第三，实施彻底的改革，旨在使司法体系更加自由化和人性化，将死 刑从刑法中去除 ，加强司法机构的独立性和有效性；第四，在人权教育领域开展 [...]广泛的教育工作。 daccess-ods.un.org | The following were the characteristic features of this period: first, the increasing role and influence of the legislature, stemming from the establishment and functioning of a bicameral parliament that takes the general interests of the State and the regions into account when adopting legislation; secondly, the increasing role and influence of political parties and civil society institutions in the adoption of critical government decisions and the rising authority and significance of non-governmental organizations (NGOs) in the public scrutiny of government activities; [...] thirdly, cardinal reforms to liberalize and [...] humanize the judicial system, abolish [...]the death penalty and strengthen the independence [...]and effectiveness of the judiciary; and fourthly, extensive human rights information and educational efforts. daccess-ods.un.org |
税法、土地法和水资源法中都包含针对土 著人民的优惠条款，另外一些包含土著人民优惠条 [...] 款的法律草案正在研究中。 daccess-ods.un.org | Draft legislation under consideration [...] would allow indigenous peoples to enjoy a number of benefits already provided for [...]in the tax, land and water resources codes. daccess-ods.un.org |
这些包括非毛利人与毛利人之间的差异， 《威坦哲条约》在国内立法中的地 位，家庭暴力，机会平等，毛利人在刑事 司法 制度中比例过高，以及批准新西兰尚未成为缔约国的人权条约问题。 daccess-ods.un.org | These included the social disparities between non-Maori and Maori; the status of [...] the Treaty of Waitangi [...] in domestic legislation; family violence; equality of opportunity; overrepresentation of Maori in the criminal justice system; and ratification [...]of human rights [...]treaties to which New Zealand was not party. daccess-ods.un.org |
条从《刑事程序法》中删除，并采取其他适当措施，确 保并保护司法机关的独立性和中立性。 daccess-ods.un.org | The State party should remove article 64 from the Criminal Procedure Code and take [...] other appropriate measures to ensure [...]and protect the independence and impartiality of the judiciary. daccess-ods.un.org |
大会第六十五届会议吁请会员国制订适当的国家法律和(或)措施，以符合国 际法的方式，防止和打击常规武器和可能导致大规模毁灭性武器及其运载工具扩 散的材料、设备和技术的非法中介活 动；确认区域和次区域两级防止和打击 非法 中介活 动的努力可以加强各国在这方面作出的努力；强调国际合作和援助、能力 建设和信息共享对于防止和打击非 法中 介 活 动至关重要；并且鼓励会员国酌情借 助民间社会的相关专门知识，制定有效措施来防止和打击 非 法中 介 活 动(第 65/75 号决议)。 daccess-ods.un.org | At its sixty-fifth session, the General Assembly called upon Member States to establish appropriate national laws and/or measures to prevent and combat the illicit brokering of conventional arms and of materials, equipment and technology that could contribute to the proliferation of weapons [...] of mass destruction [...] and their means of delivery, in a manner consistent with international law; acknowledged that national efforts to prevent and combat illicit brokering activities can be reinforced by such efforts at the regional and subregional levels; emphasized the importance of international cooperation and assistance, capacity-building and information-sharing in preventing and combating illicit brokering activities; and encouraged Member States to draw, where appropriate, on the relevant expertise of civil society in developing effective measures to prevent and combat illicit brokering activities [...](resolution 65/75). daccess-ods.un.org |
为了减少武器的非法流动，我敦促各国借助《管 制火器议定书》来填补国家立法中的 漏 洞；加强对武 器运输的管制；建立关于收缴非法武器的区域数据 库；促进各政府管理部门内的机构间合作；建立关于 可疑货物的档案；同其他国家分享信息以便核查遵守 国际协定的情况。 daccess-ods.un.org | To cut the illicit flow of weapons, I urge States to use the Firearms Protocol to close loopholes in national legislation, tighten up regulations on weapons transport, develop regional databases on seizures, promote inter-agency cooperation within national administrations, profile suspicious shipments and share information with other countries to verify compliance with international agreements. daccess-ods.un.org |
工作组听取了 Olavo Bittencourt（巴西）作的专题介绍，其中概要介绍了在 [...] 小组委员会本届会议间隙期间由国际空间法学会和欧洲空 间 法中 心 组办的主题 为“重新审视空气空间和外层空间划界问题”的专题讨论会上提出的主要意见 [...]和建议。 daccess-ods.un.org | The Working Group heard a presentation by Olavo Bittencourt (Brazil), summarizing the main ideas and proposals delivered at the symposium on the theme “A new look at the delimitation of airspace and outer [...] space”, organized by the International [...] Institute of Space Law (IISL) and the [...]European Centre for Space Law (ECSL) on the [...]margins of the current session of the Subcommittee. daccess-ods.un.org |
本项目主要关注触犯法律的青年人，预防包括性别暴力在内的暴力行为，解决冲突 方面的培训和执法中的人权问题。 unesdoc.unesco.org | The project focuses on youth in trouble with the law, on preventing [...] violence including gender violence, and on training in conflict resolution and on human [...] rights issues in law enforcement. unesdoc.unesco.org |
工会多次建议政府在《刑法》中列入 侵犯《经济、社会、文化权利国际公 约》规定的工会权利应负的刑事和行政责任，但尚未获接受，理由是“关于工会 的刑事和行政立法，其适用目的不明确，因为它们在特征上不具社会危险性”。 daccess-ods.un.org | The trade unions have sent repeatedly to the Government proposals to include criminal and administrative liability for the breach of the trade union rights provided for, including in International Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights, but they have not been accepted due to the reason that “application of the criminal and administrative legislation on trade unions is not purposeful, because their character is not a socially dangerous one”. daccess-ods.un.org |
同样，由于一项残疾事务战略方案被写入了《2011 年公共预算法》中，部 门承诺被限定在适当的框架内，以期发挥协同作用，使全国支助残疾人理事会成 为一家特设机构，充分发挥其技术支持、法规宣传、监控和完善以及部门协调的 [...] 作用。 daccess-ods.un.org | With the incorporation of a strategic programme on disability into the 2011 Finance Act, the necessary [...] framework will be in [...]place for the creation of synergies among sectoral commitments, thus enabling CONADIS to fully perform its role as a specialized body responsible for providing technical assistance and promoting disability rights, oversight, legislative improvements and sectoral coordination. daccess-ods.un.org |
(d) 由环境规划署执行的(135,000 [...] 美元)加强国家监测各类消耗臭氧层物质的贸易 和防止非法消耗臭氧层物质贸易的能力的项目，将为 400 名海关官员(检查员、 管制员和海关警察)进一步提供消耗臭氧层物质相关问题的培训，并在海关部内 建立消耗臭氧层物质信息/执法中心， 包括提供回收设备，从没收 非 法 设 备 中回 收消耗臭氧层物质；在非法消耗臭氧层物质贸易活动的追踪问题上，加大执法官 员培训活动的力度；就国内加速淘汰消耗臭氧层物质问题开展提供认识活动。 multilateralfund.org | (d) Enhancement of national capacity to monitor trade and prevent illegal trade of ODSs, to be implemented by UNEP (US $135,000), would provide additional training to 400 Customs officers (inspectors, controllers and customs policemen) on ODS related [...] issues, establish an ODS [...] Information/Enforcement Centre in the Customs Department, including provision of equipment for recovery of ODS from confiscated illegal equipment; intensify the training campaign for enforcement officers [...]on follow-up of illegal [...]trade of ODSs activities; and awareness activities related to the accelerated phase-out of ODSs in the country multilateralfund.org |
比如说，《伯尔尼公约》第 9 和第 10 款中规定：各国可以为国家立法中所 规 定的某些特定目的如教学、研究和私人使 用，在未经授权的情况下对著作权作品进行有限的复制，只要这样做不会妨碍著作权人对 其作品的正常利用（见第 5.1 文本框）。 iprcommission.org | So, for example, Articles 9 and 10 of the Berne Convention permit countries to allow limited copying of protected works without permission for certain purposes defined in national legislation such as teaching, research and private use, so long as these do not interfere with the normal exploitation of the work by the copyright owner (see Box 5.1). iprcommission.org |
尤其是在塞舌尔 的普通法中允许 体罚，作为对儿童进行“合理处罚”的权利，造成家庭内体罚的 [...] 合法化，同时也没有明确禁止在学校和其他照料机构内的体罚。 daccess-ods.un.org | In particular, corporal punishment is allowed [...] under the common law in Seychelles as [...]a right to inflict “reasonable chastisement” [...]on children, thus making it lawful at home, and there is no explicit prohibition of corporal punishment in schools and alternative care institutions. daccess-ods.un.org |
在访问期间，工作组发现，非洲人后裔在葡萄牙面临的挑战主要涉及他们 作为一个特定群体在葡萄牙国家政策和 立 法 框 架 中 得 不 到承认；其在历史上对 该国的建设和发展作出积极贡献得不到承认；没有按种族或族裔分列的定性和 [...] 定量的分类数据；贫困、获得教育、公共服务和就业机会不平等，以及在行政 [...]和司法制度运作方面的歧视，形成恶性循环；存在种族貌相和警察暴力；在政 治和体制决策进程中代表不足，以及葡萄牙缺少针对非洲人后裔或其他少数群 体的具体措施或扶持行动政策。 daccess-ods.un.org | During their visit, the Working Group found that the challenges faced by people of African descent in Portugal related mainly to their lack of [...] recognition as a specific group in the [...] national policy and legal framework; the lack [...]of recognition of their positive contribution [...]throughout history to the construction and development of the country; the lack of qualitative and quantitative disaggregated data by racial or ethnic origin; the existence of a circle of poverty, unequal access to education, public services, employment, as well as discrimination in the administration and functioning of the justice system; existence of racial profiling and police violence; underrepresentation in political and institutional decision-making processes, as well as the lack of special measures or affirmative action policies in Portugal for people of African descent or other minorities. daccess-ods.un.org |
本會促請政府全 面 檢討西九龍文娛藝術區發展計劃，在規 劃文化設施 之 前 ， 應 先 考慮有關‘軟 件 ’的 內容， 延 長提交發展建議的期 限 ，並公開 及 詳 細 地 諮詢文化界 、 專 業 團 體 、地產 界 、立法會、 公眾 及相關組織 ， 以 貫徹文化委員會就西九龍發展計劃提出‘以 人 為本’、 ‘建立伙 伴 關 係 ’ 和 ‘民間主導’的原則 ， 制 訂 公 開 、公平 和 適切合 宜 的發展及運作方案， 而 在發展過程中，政府應 促成發展商與 文化界 的 伙 伴 關 係，讓 文化界參 與 區 內 設施的策 劃及將來的運作。 legco.gov.hk | That this Council urges the Government to comprehensively review the West Kowloon Cultural District development project, consider the ‘software’ contents before planning the cultural [...] facilities, extend [...] the deadline for submission of development proposals, openly and thoroughly consult the cultural sector, professional bodies, the real estate sector, the Legislative Council, the public and relevant organizations, and uphold the ‘people-oriented’, ‘partnership’ and ‘community-driven’ principles put forward [...]by the Culture and [...]Heritage Commission for the West Kowloon development in formulating a development and operation plan that is open, fair and proper; and in the process of development, the Government should also facilitate a partnership between developers and the cultural sector, so as to allow the latter to participate in the planning and future operation of the facilities in the district. legco.gov.hk |
關於對藝團的資助，委員普遍認為，政府當局必須(a) [...] 確保撥款資源在演藝團體之間得到合理而公平的分配；(b)檢討當 [...] 局資助主要演藝團體的現行模式，以免窒礙沒有接受資助的商業 藝團的發展；(c)提供更多資助以支援 中 小 型 藝團及新進藝術家； (d)探討有何方法可盡 量減少在營辦藝術活動方面的員工和行政開 支，以便把節省下來的款項重新撥作藝術發展用途；(e)研究現行 [...] [...] 撥款政策在達致各項政策目標方面的成效，例如鼓勵藝術與文化 作多元均衡發展的政策目標；及(f)考慮增加文化藝術方面的整體 撥款，因為現時有迫切需要實現西九文化區計劃的願景。 legco.gov.hk | Regarding funding support for the arts groups, members in generally considered that the Administration should (a) ensure a reasonable and fair distribution of funding resources amongst arts groups; (b) review the existing mode of subsidy for the major performing arts groups to avoid stifling the development of non-subvented commercial arts groups; (c) provide more funding for the support of small [...] and medium sized arts [...] groups and budding artists; (d) explore means to minimize staffing and administrative [...]expenses in the operation [...]of arts programmes so that the savings could be re-allocated to the use of arts development; (e) examine the effectiveness of the current funding policy in achieving the policy goals, such as encouraging diversified and balanced development of arts and culture; and (f) consider increasing its overall allocation of funding for culture and the arts, given the imminent need to achieve the vision of the West Kowloon Culture District project. legco.gov.hk |
虽然委员会 根据所收到的证据，认为没必要在审议案情时讨论这一可能的违约问题，但宣布 [...] 来文可以受理表明委员会准备考虑提交人的这些说法，并反映了当代国际人 权法 中的一 种趋势，即不再假定地、人为地把各种权利分为不同“类别”，而认为所 [...]有人权都是普遍的、相互依存的。 daccess-ods.un.org | While in this case the Committee, on the basis of the evidence before it, did not find it necessary to address this possible violation in its consideration of the merits, the declaration of admissibility shows that the Committee is prepared to consider such arguments and [...] reflects the trend in contemporary [...] international human rights law away from the fictitious [...]and artificial division of rights [...]into “categories” and towards the view that all human rights are universal and interdependent. daccess-ods.un.org |
在 10 月 22 日第 15 次会议上，大韩民国代表以安哥拉、澳大利亚、奥地利、 [...] 贝宁、波斯尼亚和黑塞哥维那、智利、哥伦比亚、立陶宛、墨西哥、巴布亚新几 内亚、菲律宾、大韩民国、萨摩亚、前南斯拉夫的马其顿共和国、大不列颠及北 [...] 爱尔兰联合王国和乌拉圭的名义提出了一项题为“防止和打击 非 法中 介 活 动”的 决议草案(A/C.1/63/L.43)。 hcoc.at | At the 15th meeting, on 22 October, the representative of the Republic of Korea, on behalf of Angola, Australia, Austria, Benin, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Chile, Colombia, Lithuania, Mexico, Papua New Guinea, the Philippines, the Republic of Korea, Samoa, the former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia, the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland and [...] Uruguay, introduced a draft resolution entitled “Preventing [...] and combating illicit brokering activities” [...](A/C.1/63/L.43). hcoc.at |
工作组还注意到，该建议将以小组委员会本届会议上国际空间法学会/欧洲空间 法中心专 题讨论会期间发表的意见为基础，并考虑到各国和学术界代表在过去 几十年所持的各种立场。 daccess-ods.un.org | The Working Group also noted that the proposal would be based on ideas expressed during the IISL/ECSL symposium at the current session of the Subcommittee and would take into account various positions taken by States and representatives of academia over the past few decades. daccess-ods.un.org |
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