| 单词 | 中央专制集权 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 释义 | 中央专制集权 —centralized autocratic ruleSee also:中央 n—central n • centre n • centerAE n • middle n 中央集权—centralized state power 集权 n—centralization n 集权 adj—totalitarian adj
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一个中央集权和工作分散的组织 将逐步由一个权力下放而又注重各级优先事项和结果的组织取而代之。 unesdoc.unesco.org | A centralist and dispersed Organization [...] was gradually being replaced by a decentralized Organization focused on priorities and results at every level. unesdoc.unesco.org |
从介绍非集中化战略实施问题的点击信息上一下便能清楚地看出，非集中化不应被理 解为一个中央集权的整 体的解体，而应当被看作是一个以系统概念为基础的新 机 制 的 建 立。 unesdoc.unesco.org | It was immediately clear from the information on the implementation of the [...] decentralization [...] strategy that it should not be seen as the dismantling of a centralized bloc, but rather as the establishment of new arrangements [...]based on the system concept. unesdoc.unesco.org |
然而，我们 同样正在转变我们整个政治体制，从 中央集权制 国家 转向联邦制国家，从君主专制转 向共和政体，这使我 们的治理更加民主、包容，更加讲求问责。 daccess-ods.un.org | But what [...] is equally true is that we are transforming our entire political disposition from unitary to federal and monarchical to republican, and making the structure and mechanisms [...]of our governance more [...]democratic, inclusive and accountable. daccess-ods.un.org |
13 个职业类主管人员中的每个人都将继续负责审查申请，确定由专题专家 (即专家组)进一步评估的候选人，担任其负责范围内的专家组的秘书并合 并 专家 组的结论和面试报告以提交外地中央 审 查 机构，监测其分管的职业类职位在外地 行动中的在职率，管理其分管的名册， 编 制 外 地行动方案主管人短名单并确定何 时应进行外联活动，以处理名册中存在的差距，特别是性别均衡和地域代表性方 面的差距，确定外地在职工作人员的流动机会，以便工作人员在相关工作地点之 间轮调。 daccess-ods.un.org | Each of the 13 Occupational Group Managers would continue the responsibilities for reviewing applications, identifying candidates for further assessment by subject matter experts, that is, expert [...] panels, serving as [...] Secretary for the expert panel under his or her purview and consolidating findings and interview reports from the panel for presentation to the Field Central Review Bodies, monitoring incumbency rates in the field operations for positions in his or her occupational group, managing his or her assigned roster, developing shortlists [...]for programme managers [...]in the field operations and determining when outreach activities should be conducted to address gaps in the roster, especially in gender and geographic representation, and determining the mobility opportunities for staff members currently serving in the field so as to rotate staff among relevant duty stations. daccess-ods.un.org |
联合国共同国家方案的发展面临着一些挑战：首先是国内的政治形势，特别是对人权 问题的日益关注以及政府对人权的敏 感，所以很 难 制 订 由国家工作队和政府共享的共同国家 方案；其次，伊朗的捐助情况很差，很难形成信托基金资源和联合国联合计划；第三， 在 国家工作队成员在集中财务和人力资源开展联合行动方面仍然存在不情愿和技术障碍。 unesdoc.unesco.org | Several challenges were encountered in the development of United Nations common country programmes: firstly, the domestic political situation, [...] especially the growing concern over human rights issues and the government’s sensitivity on human rights, have made it very difficult to develop a common United Nations country programme for which UNCT and the government would have shared ownership; secondly, the profile of the donor community in Iran is very low and it has been very difficult to generate FIT resources and joint United Nations programming; and, thirdly, there is still reluctance and technical barriers among UNCT members to put together financial and human resources for joint activities. [...] unesdoc.unesco.org |
它还满意地注意到，根据其职权，专 家 小组（i）把力 量 集中 于 纯财务与行政 方面的问题和（ii）避免涉及总政策问题。 unesdoc.unesco.org | Furthermore, it was noted with [...] appreciation that, as mandated, the group: (i) concentrated its work on purely [...]financial and administrative [...]matters; and (ii) avoided policy issues. unesdoc.unesco.org |
这些问题可包括：在企业集团每个成员的利益与重整整个集团 的所需之间取得平衡；由集团非破产成员提供启动后融资，尤其是在可能产生 控制权问题 的情形下（例如该非破产成员由企业集团破产母公司控制）；如何处 理发生在属于实质相关人（见术语表，(jj)段）的集团成员之间的交易；由已进 入破产程序的集团成员提供融资；以及是否值得在破产程序中保持集团在破产 开始之前的资金结构，尤其是如果该结构涉及将集团所有资产用作筹资抵押， 而资金又是经具有财务职能的中央集 团 实体的渠道筹集的。 daccess-ods.un.org | (jj)); provision of finance by group members subject to insolvency proceedings; and the desirability of maintaining, in insolvency proceedings, the financing structure that the group had before the onset of insolvency, especially where that structure involved pledging all of the assets of the group for finance that was channelled through a centralized group entity with treasury functions. daccess-ods.un.org |
还有一项国内机制来确保中央政府 所有机构都了解联合国 人 权 理 事 会规定 对个人和实体进行制裁的决议，并监督遵守这些决议的情况。 daccess-ods.un.org | There is also a domestic mechanism to ensure that all bodies of the central Government are aware [...] of and monitor compliance [...]with United Nations Security Council resolutions establishing sanctions against individuals and entities. daccess-ods.un.org |
公共行政部门一些中央专门机 构的重组(2006 年)和移徙领域发生的一些事 件，说明必须制订一 个新的法律框架，为管理工人移徙问题设定新的质量规范， 从而进一步加强对这一部门的有效管理。 daccess-ods.un.org | Restructuring of some central specialised bodies of the public administration (2006) and the events in the field of migration have dictated the development [...] of a new legal [...]framework which would set new qualitative norms for regulation of migration of workers, thus contributing to a better management of this sector. daccess-ods.un.org |
在此期间，权力下放发生了变化，从地方行政部门过渡为有明确特权的地方 临时委员会，行政部门的成员由总统法令任命，职责为通过国家预算拨款开始对 地方事务进行管理，而地方临时委员会的 职 权 由 代 表 中央 政 府行 使 权 力 的 共和国 专员进行监控。 daccess-ods.un.org | During this period, decentralization evolved, from a decentralized administration whose members, appointed by presidential decree, were mandated to begin decentralized local administration with State funding, to a provisional [...] regional council with [...] well-defined prerogatives, under the supervision of the Commissioner of the Republic representing the authority of the central State. daccess-ods.un.org |
这一系统还将改善服务条 件，并为全球秘书处建立单一的、 中央集权 的 人 力资 源管理工具。 daccess-ods.un.org | The system would also improve conditions of service and [...] establish a single centralized human resources [...]management tool for the global Secretariat. daccess-ods.un.org |
对于选举常设中央麻醉品管制局成 员，理事会认为可以任命一名法官、大学 教授、医生、律师或其他专业的专家 ， 而不必要求被任命者在麻管局任职期间放 弃他的职位或停止其专业。 daccess-ods.un.org | In the case of elections to PCNB, the Council has considered that it may appoint a judge, a university professor, a medical practitioner, a lawyer, or specialists of other professions, without requiring that the person appointed give up his position or cease to exercise his profession while serving on the Board. daccess-ods.un.org |
青年党舒拉委员会设 置了一套由一名高级“人道主义协调员”或“教会税”办公室主任领导的 中央集权制度，以监督在索马里南部和中部地区的“地区人道主义协调 员”网络。 daccess-ods.un.org | The Al-Shabaabshura put in place a centralized system headed by a senior “humanitarian coordinator” orzakaat office head, to oversee a network of “regional humanitarian coordinators” across southern and central Somalia. daccess-ods.un.org |
这一经常按族裔划线 [...] 的有争议辩论的主题可以追溯到 2004 年的制宪支尔格大会，那次大会提出了一 个中央集权制国家结构。 daccess-ods.un.org | This has been the subject of a contentious debate — often split [...] along ethnic lines — that dates back to the 2004 Constitutional Loya Jirga, [...] which set forth a centralized State structure. daccess-ods.un.org |
不论是在中央集权还是联邦制国家 ，权利下放和政府分权等分权制绝 不免除或削减缔约国的国家或联邦政府对其管辖范围内所有妇女履行义务的直 接责任。 daccess-ods.un.org | The decentralization of power, through devolution and delegation of Government powers in both unitary and federal [...] States, does not in [...]any way negate or reduce the direct responsibility of the State party’s national or federal Government to fulfil its obligations to all women within its jurisdiction. daccess-ods.un.org |
在联邦制国家或权力极为分散的国家，如 何确保《公约》的规定无任何限制或例外 地适用于该国的各个组成部分 根据《宪法》，秘鲁共和国政府实行 中央集权 、 地 方分权的代 表 制 ； 据 以批 准法律和经批准被纳入秘鲁法律体系的公约条款在全境适用。 daccess-ods.un.org | How it has been ensured that the provisions of the Convention extend to all parts of the States, without any limitation or exception, in the case of federal or very decentralized States. daccess-ods.un.org |
6.5 2001年1 月，香港特区政府成立了妇委会，作为高层次 的 中央 机 制 ， 专责 促进香港特区的妇女的福祉和权益。 daccess-ods.un.org | 6.5 The WoC was established in January [...] 2001 as a high-level central mechanism to promote the well-being and interests of women [...]in HKSAR. daccess-ods.un.org |
外地中央审查机构负责：向审查机构的 118 名成员提供培训；确保其履行 职能的一致性；依据《宪章》和大会 授 权制 定 有 关工作人员事项的战略、政策和 程序，监督、辅导和培养审查机构其他低级成员，出席审查机构会议、与审查机 构事项有关的视频会议和工作组会议。 daccess-ods.un.org | FCRB is responsible for providing training to 118 members of the Review Body, ensuring consistency in the discharge of their functions, developing strategies, policies and procedures on staffing matters in accordance with the Charter and General Assembly mandates, and supervising, coaching and developing other junior members of the Review Body and attending Review Body meetings, video teleconferences and working groups on any matters pertaining to the Review Body. daccess-ods.un.org |
世卫组织为把烟草控 制纳入更广泛人权议程进行了持续和有意义的努力，作为这种努力的载体，世卫 组织在建立人权和烟草控制网络方面提供了指导并利用了其 召 集权 力 ， 该网络是 致力于制定网 络战略和实现网络目标的烟草 控 制 倡 导 者和 人 权专 业 人 士的全球 协会。 daccess-ods.un.org | As a vehicle for sustained and meaningful efforts to mainstream tobacco control in the broader human rights agenda, WHO has provided guidance and used its convening [...] powers in the creation of the Human Rights and Tobacco Control Network, [...] a global association of tobacco control advocates and human rights professionals devoted to strategizing and implementing the objectives of [...]the network. daccess-ods.un.org |
根据关于批准《经济和贸易部条例》的 [...] 2005 年 8 月 25 日第 908 号政府决 定第 1 段：经济和贸易部是专门的中央公共 行政机构， 有 权 在 国家经济发展、结 构转型、商务、公共财产私有化、劳工和人口领域推行单一的国家政策。 daccess-ods.un.org | In accordance with paragraph 1 of the Governmental Decision No. 908 from 25 August 2005 on the approval of the Regulations of the Ministry of Economy and Trade: the Ministry [...] of Economy and Trade [...] is the specialised central public administration body empowered to promote the single [...]state policy in the [...]field of economic growth of the country, structural transformation, commerce, privatization of public property, labour, demography. daccess-ods.un.org |
索马里兰、 [...] 邦特兰、贾穆杜格和 Himan iyo Heeb 行政当局没有采取中央集权建国举 措，而是煞费苦心地通过内部地方政治进程取得发展。 daccess-ods.un.org | Without exception, the administrations of Somaliland, Puntland, Gaalmudug, and “Himan iyo Heeb” evolved [...] independently of centralized State-building [...]initiatives, from painstaking, [...]organic local political processes. daccess-ods.un.org |
经济及社会理事会在其第 2009/22 号决议中首次承认毒品和犯罪问题办公室 在药物外的法医领域所起的作用，要求该办公室 收 集 、 制 订 和 传播供执法官员 和检察当局使用的科学、法医或其他参考材料，以便加强他们预防和打击经济 诈骗和与身份有关犯罪的专门知 识和能力。 daccess-ods.un.org | In its resolution 2009/22, the Economic and Social Council recognized [...] the role of [...] UNODC in forensic areas other than drugs for the first time by requesting the Office to collect, develop and disseminate scientific, forensic or other reference material for law enforcement officials and prosecution authorities in order to enhance their expertise and capacity to prevent and combat economic fraud and [...]identity-related crime. daccess-ods.un.org |
但从监察制裁情 况的 角度来看，这两个国家带来的挑战非常相似：在这两个国 家 中 ， 权 力 都集 中在个 人而不是机构手中，而且主要通过非正规、常常是非法的政治和财 政控制网络来行使。 daccess-ods.un.org | From a sanctions monitoring perspective, however, the two countries present very similar challenges: in both cases, power is concentrated in the hands of individuals rather than institutions and is exercised through largely informal and often illicit networks of political and financial control. daccess-ods.un.org |
该提议的依据是联黎部队在行动区的地理范围显示，没 有理由为行动区各地指定专门资源， 由 中央 管 理 的 集中 资 源 可以在合理时间内向 行动区各地做出反应。 daccess-ods.un.org | The proposal is based on the determination that the geographical scope of the [...] UNIFIL area of operations does [...] not warrant the earmarking of dedicated resources in various areas of [...]the area of operations and [...]that a reasonable response time to all parts of the area of operations can be provided to all parts of the area of operations from a centrally managed pool of resources. daccess-ods.un.org |
这包括制订规 范、评估需求、为能力建设 提供援助和便利、召集专家， 以及通过其工作调解和解决冲突，并促进经济 增长、良政、透明度、问责制和宗教及文化间对话。 daccess-ods.un.org | This includes as a norm-setter, needs assessor, capacity-building assistance provider and facilitator, convener of experts, as well as through its work to mediate and resolve conflicts, and to promote economic [...] growth, good governance, transparency, accountability and interreligious and cultural dialogue. daccess-ods.un.org |
在 2011 年 1 月下旬发生的第三起案件中，阿比让海港的若干消息来源通 知专家组和综合禁运小组，在港口渔港和集装箱码头之间相对安静的区域出现了 11 个显然是专门订做的木制集装箱(见附件七鸟瞰图)。 daccess-ods.un.org | In a third case, late in January 2011, several sources within Abidjan seaport alerted the Group and the Integrated Embargo Cell to the presence of 11, apparently purpose-built, wooden containers located in relatively quiet area of the port, between the fish port and the container port (see aerial imagery in annex VII). daccess-ods.un.org |
180 EX/6 号文件第 I 部分所谈到许多问题，如绩效评估、晋升看表现、职业发展行动等，还 有其他一些问题如轮换、招聘等，政策没有很好落实的一个主要障碍在过度地将权限、权力 和控制权下放给不同的部门/机关/局，人事局或其 他 中央 人 事 管理系统很少或根本没有实行 监督管理。 unesdoc.unesco.org | Whether one considers any or many of the issues presented in Part I of document 180 EX/6, such as performance assessment, merit-based promotion, career development initiatives, to name just a few, or many others such as rotation, recruitment, etc., one of the main obstacles to good implementation has been the excessive [...] delegation of authority, power and control of [...] all these human resources elements to the different sectors/services/bureaux, with little or no supervised oversight from HRM or any other centralized personnel management system. unesdoc.unesco.org |
很难想象有什么国家比索马里和厄立特里亚反差更大了：索马里是一 个已经崩溃 20 [...] 多年的国家，没有正常运作的国家机构；厄立特里亚则拥有 非洲大陆中央集权程度最高的军事化独裁政府系统。 daccess-ods.un.org | Young People’s Front for Democracy and Justice It would be hard to conceive of two States that offer greater contrasts than Somalia and Eritrea: the former, a collapsed State for over two decades, with no functional [...] national institutions; the latter, [...] possessing the most highly centralized, militarized and [...]authoritarian system of government on the African continent. daccess-ods.un.org |
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