| 单词 | 个案 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 释义 | 个案 —a case (almost always used)less common: case-by-case • an individual case 个案 noun —case nExamples:别个案 n—individual case n 个別案件 n—particular case n
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按照工作组的工 [...] 作方法，阿拉伯叙利亚共和国、大不列颠及北爱尔兰联合王国和美利坚合众国政 府均收到了这个案件的副本。 daccess-ods.un.org | In accordance with the Working Group’s method of work, the Governments of the Syrian Arab Republic, [...] the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, and the United States of [...] America received a copy of this case. daccess-ods.un.org |
还有这样的情况，由于法官同时审理 两 个案 件 ， 法官之间往往 没有时间进行审议和协商，因为他们几乎总是在法庭上审理案件。 daccess-ods.un.org | It is also the case that, when Judges sit in two cases at once, there [...] is often little time for deliberations and consultations [...]between the Judges due to the fact that they are almost always sitting in court. daccess-ods.un.org |
个案研究遗址的地方当局合作伙伴强调需要建立涉及当 地邻近社区的新的援助提供机制。 unesdoc.unesco.org | The local [...] authority partners of the case study sites stressed [...]the need to develop new aid delivery mechanisms, involving [...]the local neighbourhood communities. unesdoc.unesco.org |
在 12 个案例研 究国家中可以发现四种（往往是相互关联的）政府应对措施：(i) [...] “反经 济周期”措施，主要见诸于财政能力游刃有余的中等收入国家，这类措施使它们能够通过借 贷或利用累积储备金保持或增加支出（埃及、泰国和略逊一畴的亚美尼亚）；(ii) 有针对性 [...] 的社会保护，有些国家采取或强化了有针对性的措施，这些措施往往保护最脆弱的群体（阿 根廷、加纳、墨西哥、蒙古和泰国）；(iii) 以改革为导向、旨在抓住危机带来的机遇提高成 本效益和针对性、改进施政的措施；(iv) 削减预算，一些国家均衡削减各个教育部门的预 算。 unesdoc.unesco.org | Four (often interlinked) categories of government responses can be [...] distinguished in the 12 case study countries: [...](i) “counter-cyclical” [...]measures, mainly observed in middle-income countries with manageable fiscal capacity, allowing them to maintain or increase expenditure by borrowing or drawing on accumulated reserves (Egypt, Thailand and, to a limited extent, Armenia); (ii) targeted social protection, with some countries taking or reinforcing targeted measures, which often protected the most vulnerable (Argentina, Ghana, Mexico, Mongolia and Thailand); (iii) reformoriented measures aimed at seizing the opportunity of the crisis to improve cost-efficiency, relevance and governance; (iv) budget cuts, which some countries have evenly distributed across all education sub-sectors. unesdoc.unesco.org |
尽管存在这种挑战，该办公室仍然 取得了许多重要成绩，包括：(a) [...] 对向该办公室提出的多数索赔案件作出了答复， 包括向 80 多个国家客户提供简要咨询意见(206 例)；(b) [...] 在这一年里向工作人员 法律援助办公室提出了 938 个案件，该办公室了结或解决了其中的 54%；(c) 在 争议法庭的办案成功率很高；(d) [...] 针对外地工作人员开展了外联工作；(e) [...]与联 合国工作人员工会和协会、广大工作人员、联合国监察员和调解事务办公室、秘 书处和联合国各机构、基金和方案的法律部门、提供无偿法律顾问服务的法律事 务所以及学校和大学等内部和外部伙伴发展了关系。 daccess-ods.un.org | Despite such challenges, there were many important accomplishments, including: (a) responding to the majority of the claims brought to the Office, including the provision of summary advice (206 instances), to clients in more [...] than 80 countries; (b) closure [...] or resolution of 54 per cent of the 938 cases filed with the [...]Office of Staff Legal Assistance [...]during the year; (c) a high success rate before the Dispute Tribunal; (d) undertaking outreach to staff in the field; and (e) the development of relationships with internal and external partners, including United Nations staff unions and associations, staff-at-large, the Office of the United Nations Ombudsman and Mediation Services, the legal offices of the Secretariat and United Nations agencies, funds and programmes, law offices providing pro bono legal counsel, schools and universities. daccess-ods.un.org |
如果出于司法正义所需，在遵守《争议法庭规约》第八条第三款的情况下， 庭长或审理某个案件的 法官或分庭可缩短或延长《程序规则》规定的时限，亦可 [...] 放弃任何规则。 daccess-ods.un.org | Subject to article 8.3 of the statute of the Dispute [...] Tribunal, the President, or the judge or [...] panel hearing a case, may shorten or [...]extend a time limit fixed by the rules of [...]procedure or waive any rule when the interests of justice so require. daccess-ods.un.org |
该 P-3 职等行政干事将通过汇编以下各个来源的资料继续协助审查和监测 授权的使用：核心需求报告和其他因向外地特派团进行采购授权而产生的报告； [...] 通过对外地特派团进行采购援助访问获得的反馈；总部合同委员会就提交审查的 个案作出 的建议；其他监督机构的建议。 daccess-ods.un.org | The P-3 Administrative Officer will continue to assist in reviewing and monitoring the use of the delegation of authority through compiling information from various sources: reports of core requirements and other reports arising from the delegation of procurement authority to field missions; feedback obtained through procurement assistance visits to the field missions; [...] recommendations of the Headquarters [...] Committee on Contracts on cases submitted for review; [...]and recommendations from other oversight bodies. daccess-ods.un.org |
该代表团指出，这一点也要在本届会议上通 [...] 过的确认食品安全控制措施指南里强调，该指南规定，需要 在 个案 基 础上确认控制措施 建议，应取消该限制，但乳过氧化物酶体系的使用取决于基础设施和确认条件，而且应 [...]基于依靠贸易模式的国家之间的相互协议，以及根据观察到的情况，另外还建议修改附 [...] 件 A 里的注脚 9：微生物统计防治措施－乳和乳制品操作规范，增加下列内容：“任何经 过乳过氧化物酶体系处理过的牛奶贸易应基于有关国家之间的相互协议，不得损害与其 他国家的贸易”。 codexalimentarius.org | The Delegation, pointing out that this point was also emphasized in the Guidelines for the Validation of Food Safety Control Measures adopted at the current session, which [...] provided that control measures required [...] validation on a case-by-case basis, proposed [...]that the restriction be lifted, but that [...]the use of the LPS be conditional on infrastructure and validation and be based on mutual agreements between countries depending on patterns of trade, and in line with this observation, further proposed to amend footnote 9 in Appendix A: Microbiostatic Control Measures - Code of Practice for Milk and Milk Products by the addition of the following: "Any trade in milk treated by the lactoperoxidase system should only be on the basis of mutual agreement between countries concerned, and without prejudice to trade with other countries. codexalimentarius.org |
(b) 委员会不受这种结论的约束，而是根据《公约》第22条第4款， 委员会有权依据每个案件的 全部案情自由评估事实真相。 daccess-ods.un.org | (b) The Committee is not bound by such findings and instead has the power, provided by article [...] 22, paragraph 4 of the Convention, of free assessment of the facts based upon the full [...] set of circumstances in every case. daccess-ods.un.org |
阿根廷代表团 虽然也同意主流的看法(A/C.6/61/SR.13, 第 49 段)却请委员会“分析是否每一个组织的特别性 [...] 质和规则，以及对于公正和公平的考虑因素，需要列为基本规则的例外情况，这取决于 每个 案件的情况。 daccess-ods.un.org | Although sharing the prevailing view, the delegation of Argentina (A/C.6/61/SR.13, para. 49) requested the Commission to “analyse whether the special characteristics and rules of each organization, as well as [...] considerations of justice and equity, called for exceptions to the basic rule, depending [...] on the circumstances of each case”. daccess-ods.un.org |
但委员会忆及，举证责任一般由申诉人承担，申诉人必须 提供一个可证实的情况，说明他或她面临“可预见、真实和亲身的”危险。18 委员会还忆及，根据其第1 号一般性意见，它相当重视有关缔约国机构所得出的 实际调查结果，19 但又不局限于这种调查结果，根据《公约》第22条第4款， 它有权根据每个案件的全部情况对事实进行自由评估。 daccess-ods.un.org | While the risk does not have to meet the test of being “highly probable”,17 the Committee recalls that the burden of proof generally falls on the complainant, who must present an arguable case that he or she faces a “foreseeable, real and personal” risk.18 The Committee further recalls that in accordance with its general comment No. 1, it gives considerable weight to findings of fact that are made by organs of the State party concerned,19 while at the same time it is not bound by such findings and instead has the power, provided by article 22, paragraph 4, of the Convention, of free assessment of the facts based upon the full set of circumstances in every case. daccess-ods.un.org |
食典委还注意到，执行委员会未能就删除自 愿采纳的声明达成一致，但建议应在 个案 基 础 上由相关附属机构来考虑，包括将附录里 [...] 的规定移到标准的主体中。 codexalimentarius.org | The Commission further noted that the Executive Committee did not reach consensus on deleting the statement on voluntary [...] application but recommended that it should be [...] considered on a case by case basis by the relevant [...]subsidiary body including the possibility [...]to transfer the provisions in the annex to the body of the standard. codexalimentarius.org |
就本案而言，受到指控的缔约国从 来没有质疑提交人关于将其父亲和叔父作为受害人的权利。在这种情况下，委员 [...] 会能够做的就是核实他们是否确实具有受害人的地位；换句话说就是：在 这 个案 件中 《公约》所规定的权利是否受到了侵犯。 daccess-ods.un.org | In the Benaziza case, the respondent State has never questioned the author’s right to present her father and uncles as victims, and, under those circumstances, all that remains for the Committee to do is to verify whether they do indeed [...] have the status of victims, in other words, [...] whether in their case one or more of [...]the rights contained in the Covenant has been violated. daccess-ods.un.org |
以各个案例研究办公室编写的单个案 例研究完工报告为基础，该报告提出了更多的 调查结果和主要发现，以作为中央案例研究工 作活动和文件编写计划的反馈信息。 wrdmap.org | The document is based on [...] the individual case study reports produced by each provincial case study office [...]but presents more insight [...]and findings that serve as the feedback to the Central Case Study work activities and the documentation programme. wrdmap.org |
委员会强调，对准备收养的父母的资格评估必须 在 个案 基 础 上进行，不得 有任何形式的歧视。 daccess-ods.un.org | The Committee emphasizes that assessments of the eligibility of prospective adoptive parents must be undertaken on an individual basis, without any form of discrimination. daccess-ods.un.org |
开发计划署同意联检组的 13 [...] 项建议，包括：(a) 编写一项全面的业务个 案，包括备选对策；(b) 与东道国政府进行谈判；(c) [...] 对外包全部费用进行核 算；(d) 建立项目监督小组；(e) 对与外包有关的潜在分离法律责任寻求核批 资金；(f) [...] 适当的改革管理规划；(g) 确保企业资源规划系统随时准备支持离 岸服务中心；(h) 确保工作人员的安全和防灾计划已经到位；(i) 探讨共同努力 与联合国系统各组织现有离岸中心合作的可能性。 daccess-ods.un.org | UNDP agrees with the 13 JIU recommendations including (a) development of a [...] comprehensive business case with consideration [...]of alternative options; (b) negotiation [...]with the host country government; (c) accounting for the full cost of offshoring; (d) establishment of project oversight teams; (e) seeking funding approval for potential separation liabilities linked to offshoring; (f) appropriate change management planning; (g) ensuring readiness of the Enterprise Resource Planning system to support offshore service centres; (h) ensuring staff security and disaster plans are in place; and (i) exploiting the possibility of joint efforts with existing offshore centres of United Nations system organizations. daccess-ods.un.org |
尚未解决 的问题是第 38/64 号决定的适用性，该决定规定，可以采 用 个案 方 式 来审议为低消费量国 家具体提出的结束性淘汰计划供资申请，但条件是，有关国家正在实行一个许可证制度， 并颁布或改进了淘汰消耗臭氧层物质消费量的法律。 multilateralfund.org | The remaining issue was the applicability of decision 38/64, which stipulated that specific requests for funding of terminal CFC phase-out plans for LVC countries might be considered on a case-by-case basis, provided that the country concerned had a licensing system in operation and had enacted or improved legislation to phase out ODS consumption. multilateralfund.org |
迄今为止，尚未有因违反上述法规 而被检控的个案。 daccess-ods.un.org | Until today, there was no prosecution based on the violation of such provisions. daccess-ods.un.org |
依照在捷克共和国举行的哈龙管理问题专题会议提出的建议，环境规划署初步汇编 了关于发展中国家利用经济手段维持哈龙库的运作（和销毁） 的 个案 研 究。 multilateralfund.org | As per the recommendations of the thematic meeting on halon management in Czech Republic, UNEP prepared an initial compilation of case studies on the use of economic instruments to sustain the operation of halon banks (and destruction) in developed countries. multilateralfund.org |
实施了个案管理 体系，确保感染艾滋病毒的人能够获得保健和社会福利服 务，以便更有效地利用资源。 daccess-ods.un.org | A case management system for ensuring accessibility of health care [...] and social welfare services for HIV infected people is [...]implemented to achieve more effective use of the resources. daccess-ods.un.org |
贸 发会议还在开发一个新的技术援助工具，该工具 以 个案 研 究 系列为基础，为发展 中国家决策者提供实用的政策工具；还在编制一项技术援助工作方案，其中包括 举办培训班，将个案研究 包括进远距离学习课程。 daccess-ods.un.org | A new technical assistance tool [...] that builds on the case study series and provides a hands-on policy toolbox for decision-makers in developing countries is also being developed, as is a technical assistance work programme that includes carrying out training workshops and integrating case studies in distance [...]learning courses. daccess-ods.un.org |
讲习班的主要议题是：（a）通过国际数据档案获取空间飞行任务数据和图像，（b）发展航天项目， （c）发展国际航天项目的并行设计能力，（d）发展中国家参与国际大型空间项目，（e）过去联合国/欧空 局基础空间科学讲习班成就评估个案 研 究 ，（f）太阳系天体物理学和空间科学。 neutrino.aquaphoenix.com | Programme topics for that workshop would be, among others, (a) access to data and imagery from space missions through international data archives, (b) space mission project development, (c) concurrent design capability for the development of international space-related projects, (d) participation of developing countries in large international space-related projects, (e) case studies in the evaluation of the achievements of past United Nations/ESA workshops on basic space science and (f) astrophysics and space science of the solar system. neutrino.aquaphoenix.com |
要建立一个与国家进程相匹配的国际进程， [...] 对不合理债务进行认真研究，包括 个案 研 究 ，以便提出能够最终全面和无条件免 [...] 除债务的政策，并改变借出和借入的政策和做法。 daccess-ods.un.org | An international process with counterpart national processes should be established, [...] aimed at a rigorous study of illegitimate [...] debt, including case studies, in order [...]to come up with policies that lead to full [...]and unconditional debt cancellation and changes in lending and borrowing policies and practices. daccess-ods.un.org |
羁押是例外，只有在某个案件的 具体情况下为确保某人在审判时到庭但存在如下 严重危险时才有理由采用：(a) 此人可能潜逃；(b) 为防止此人阻碍或危及调查 或法庭诉讼；或(c) [...] 为阻止此人涉嫌犯下的那种行为再次发生。 daccess-ods.un.org | Detention is the [...] exception, which may be justified in the concrete circumstances of a case (a) to ensure [...]a person’s appearance [...]at trial whenever there is a serious danger that he or she may abscond; (b) to prevent him or her from obstructing or endangering the investigation or the court proceedings; or (c) to prevent a repetition of the kind of conduct of which he or she is suspected. daccess-ods.un.org |
它被赋予一些权力，在受理的每一 个案件 中 解释《宪法》本身的条文、控管“国民议会采取的法律和其他行为”以及“共 [...] 和国总统的行为”的合宪性，宣布“保加利亚共和国签署的任何国际条约”在批 准之前与《宪法》的一致性，以及“任何国内法”与“公认的国际法准则”的一 致性。 daccess-ods.un.org | It is vested with [...] the powers, in each case it is seized of, [...]to interpret the Constitution itself, to control the constitutionality [...]of the laws and other acts taken by the National Assembly, as well as the acts by the President of the Republic, to pronounce itself on the consistency of any international treaties signed by the Republic of Bulgaria with the Constitution prior to their ratification, as well as on the consistency of any domestic laws with the universally recognized standards of international law. daccess-ods.un.org |
疟疾，是非洲儿童死亡和贫困的一个重要原因”由联合国儿童基金会2004年1月出版，纳入 了 个案 研 究 和疟疾流行示图，概述了儿童基金会及其伙伴在非洲疟疾防治中必须采取关键行动。 unicef.org | Malaria, A Major Cause of Child Death and Poverty [...] in Africa" published by UNICEF in [...] January 2004, includes case studies and a graphic [...]representation of endemic malaria, outlining key [...]actions UNICEF and its partners must take to control the malaria burden in Africa. unicef.org |
在 贸 易 法 委 员 会 拟 订 的 示 范 法 类 别 的 范 [...] 围 内， 通 过 比 较 两 个 案 文， 即《 贸 易 法 委 员 [...]会 国 际 商 事 仲 裁 示 范 法 》（1985 年 ） 和 《 贸 易 法 委 员 会 电 子 [...]商 务 示 范 法 》（1996 年 ）， 就 可 以 知 道 示 范 法 形 式 是 如 何 适 应 所 审 议 的 主 题 事 项 和 起 草 者 所 追 求 的 灵 活 程 度 的。 uncitral.org | Within the category of model laws prepared by UNCITRAL, a [...] comparison of two texts, the UNCITRAL [...]Model Law on International Commercial Arbitration [...](1985) and the UNCITRAL Model Law on Electronic Commerce (1996), illustrates how the model law form can be adapted to the subject matter under consideration and to the degree of flexibility sought by the drafters. uncitral.org |
但两个案文之 间存在着两处不同：㈠ 国际法学会的决议只涉及武装冲突各 方之间有效的条约的命运，委员会的草案则应涵盖条约缔约方与武装冲突当事方 之间、以及冲突单一当事国与“第三”国(即未参与冲突的条约缔约国)之间的武 装冲突的影响；㈡ [...] 国际法学会的案文使用了“当然”的说法，而委员会所拟定 [...] 的第 3 条草案用“自动”、再用“必然”加以取代。 daccess-ods.un.org | However, there are two differences between these two provisions: (i) whereas the Institute’s resolution is concerned [...] only with the fate [...]of treaties in force between the parties to the armed conflict, the Commission’s draft is intended to cover the effect of armed conflicts either between parties to the treaty that are also parties to the armed conflict, or between a single State party to the conflict and a “third” State, that is, a State party to the treaty which is not a party to the conflict; (ii) the Institute’s text uses the term “ipso facto”, whereas, in the Commission’s draft article 3, that term was replaced by “automatically” and, later, “necessarily”. daccess-ods.un.org |
使用个案研究 让参与者能够公开讨论其在 日常工作中面临的各种与道德操守有关的情况和道德操守困境，在道德操守培训 [...] 班这种不作出是非评判的环境中讨论在面临这种情况/困境时如何实际应对、其 应对措施是否符合行为标准以及为什么不符合行为标准。 daccess-ods.un.org | The use of case studies enables participants [...] to surface the various ethics-related situations and ethical dilemmas that [...]they face in their daily work and to discuss in the non-judgemental environment of an ethics training session, how they actually responded when faced with these situations/dilemmas, whether their responses were in accordance with the standards of conduct, and if not, why. daccess-ods.un.org |
英汉双解词典包含2273206条英汉词条，基本涵盖了全部常用单词的翻译及用法，是英语学习的有利工具。