| 单词 | 专利药品 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 释义 | 专利药品 —patent drugsSee also:药品 n—medicines n • remedy n 药品 pl—pharmaceuticals pl 药品 adj—pharmaceutical adj 药品—medicaments 专利 n—patented pl • patents pl • proprietary n • trademark n
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无论我们 是考虑直接购买有一系列治疗替代品 的 专利药品 ， 还 是以强制许可方式购买。 iprcommission.org | This applies whether we are considering the direct [...] procurement of patented drugs where there are [...]a range of therapeutic substitutes, [...]or about procurement under compulsory licensing. iprcommission.org |
一方面，主要非专利药品的 制 造商很可能因专利保护制度的引入而受到负面影响，而消费者和政府必须付出更高的成 [...] 本才能使用受专利保护的药品。 iprcommission.org | On the one hand, manufacturers [...] of mainly generic drugs are likely to be [...]adversely affected by the introduction of patent [...]protection, and also consumers and governments who will need to pay more for drugs that receive patent protection. iprcommission.org |
数据独 占可以成为非专利药品进入 市场的障碍，不管该 药 品 处 于 专 利 保 护期，还是专利期限已满 之后。 iprcommission.org | Data exclusivity can be a barrier to [...] generic entry irrespective of whether the drug was patented, or the patent period has expired. iprcommission.org |
因此对目前可以得到的专利药品的 非专利替 代品的迅速供应现象将逐渐消失。 iprcommission.org | Thus the ready supply of generic [...] substitutes for patented drugs now available will [...]gradually disappear. iprcommission.org |
它并不能阻止解决同样医疗问题的其它药 品的竞争，不管那些药品是不是 专利药品。 iprcommission.org | It does not prevent competition [...] from other drugs, patented or not, that address [...]the same medical conditions. iprcommission.org |
伊朗伊斯兰共和国代表团认为，应该向所有艾滋病毒感染者提供 支付得起的抗逆转录病毒治疗(非 专利药品 ) ， 其方法包括由发达国家提供援 助，以及知识产权不应该阻止获取此种治疗。 daccess-ods.un.org | The delegation of the Islamic Republic of Iran was of [...] the view that affordable antiretroviral [...] treatment (generic drugs) should be provided [...]to all people living with HIV, including [...]through assistance by developed countries, and that intellectual property rights should not hinder access to such treatment. daccess-ods.un.org |
该制药商名录目前既包括受专利保护药品的制药商，也包括提供 非 专利药品 的 制 药商 （目前有印度的两家）。 iprcommission.org | The list currently includes both [...] producers of patented products and a number of generic versions of these products including, [...]so far, two Indian suppliers. iprcommission.org |
那时这些国家的药品制造厂家就没有现 在的干劲儿去对新推出的专利药品进 行反向研究，或采取其它必要的制造和销售步骤（包 [...] 括获取管理部门的批准），因为国内的市场已经关闭。 iprcommission.org | There will be no incentive, as now, for [...] manufacturers in these countries to reverse [...] engineer newly patented drugs and take the other [...]steps necessary for manufacture and [...]sale (including obtaining regulatory approval), because the domestic market would be closed. iprcommission.org |
不过，这项倡议要发挥作用，就必须确保专利拥有者和 非 专利药品 生 产 商之间的 协调，有充足的全球保健供资和强有力的政治支持。 daccess-ods.un.org | However, for that initiative to work, it was [...] essential to ensure [...] collaboration between patent owners and generic manufacturers, sufficient levels of global health funding and strong political [...]support. daccess-ods.un.org |
尽管现在有几个国家，特别是那些具有大规模市场的国家，有能力生产廉价 的 专利药品复 制品，但在 2005 年后，再这样做就会很困难了。 iprcommission.org | While there are now several countries, particularly those with [...] significant domestic markets, with the capacity to [...] produce copies of drugs cheaply, this will [...]become more difficult after 2005. iprcommission.org |
55 在意大利，一些跨国公司接管了许 多当地公司，非专利药品的出口减少 ， 专利药品 的 进 口增加，研发活动的增长微乎其微。 iprcommission.org | In Italy and Canada, two developed countries, the evidence is mixed.55 In Italy multinational companies took over many local companies, exports of generic drugs declined and imports of patented drugs increased. iprcommission.org |
有关国际组 [...] 织和合作伙伴的支持，增加技术援助、技术转让、能 力建设及提供高质量的非专利药品，将 增 强国家应对 非传染性疾病的努力。 daccess-ods.un.org | The support of relevant international organizations and partners to increase technical assistance, transfer of [...] technology, capacity-building and access to high [...] quality generic medicines would enhance national [...]efforts in tackling NCDs. daccess-ods.un.org |
我们最终的要求是，当 [...] 《与贸易有关的知识产权协议》充分生效时，在发展中国家， 为 专利药品 市 场 创造一个支 持竞争的问题解决方案，保证这些国家长期、快捷地以最低价格购买有关药品。 iprcommission.org | The ultimate need is to create a procompetitive solution for [...] the market in patented drugs in developing [...]countries after TRIPS is fully in force [...]which allows expeditious procurement of drugs in a sustainable manner at the lowest possible cost. iprcommission.org |
我们同意理解或改善《与贸易有关的知识产权协议》的重要性，同时要牢记专利保护制度 将适用于目前能够生产和出口 专利药品 的 非 专 利 复 制品的国家。 iprcommission.org | We agree that it is important to get the interpretation or amendment of TRIPS right, bearing in mind the longer term [...] scenario when patent protection will apply to countries that can currently [...] produce and export generic copies of patented drugs. iprcommission.org |
因此在南非（南非本地的艾 [...] 滋病病例超过整个非洲的 17%），15 种药中有 13 种是专利药品。 iprcommission.org | Thus in South Africa (which alone counts for over 17% of Africa’s HIV [...] cases) 13 of the 15 drugs are patented. iprcommission.org |
委员会促请缔约国采取适当的措施，清除非正规供应和销售低质量药物的网络， 改进获得非专利药品渠道。 daccess-ods.un.org | The Committee urges the State party to take appropriate measures to [...] dismantle the informal supply and distribution network [...] for poor quality medicines and to improve access to generic medicines. daccess-ods.un.org |
如果某些药品的生 产过程有变化，则允许专利药品的逆 反工程。 iprcommission.org | This allows patented drugs to be reverse [...] engineered, provided a different process is used in manufacture. iprcommission.org |
(m) 进一步加强国际合作，特别是通过交流以下方面的最佳做法：加强卫生 [...] 系统、获得医药、鼓励开发新技术和按照双方商定的条件转让技术、生产负担得 [...] 起的、安全、有效和优质药品、促进生产新药、 非 专利药品 、 疫 苗和其他保健商 品、培训并留住医务人员、努力确保国际合作和援助，特别是外来资金，更具可 [...] 预测性、更加协调、更符合各国促进能力建设的优先事项并以有助于加强各国卫 [...] 生系统的方式提供给受援国； (n) 进一步促进研究和开发、知识分享以及提供并利用信息和通信技术来促 进保健，包括为所有国家，特别是发展中国家提供便利，使它们能够以负担得起 的方式从中受益 daccess-ods.un.org | (m) Further strengthening international cooperation, inter alia, through exchange of best practices in strengthening health systems, improving access to medicines, encouraging the development of technology and the transfer of technology on mutually agreed terms, the [...] production of affordable, safe, effective [...] and good quality medicines, fostering the [...]production of innovative medicines, generics, [...]vaccines and other health commodities, the training and retaining of health personnel and work to ensure that international cooperation and assistance, in particular external funding, become more predictable, better harmonized and better aligned with national priorities for capacity-building and channelled to recipient countries in ways that strengthen national health systems daccess-ods.un.org |
营销非专利药品的另 一个重要步骤就是必须达到相关的法律要求。 iprcommission.org | Another important step in [...] marketing a generic drug is the need to [...]meet regulatory requirements for that purpose. iprcommission.org |
其有效执行仍是一个令人关切的问题，欧洲联盟 最近扣留印度和巴西过境的非 专利药品 的 案 例就是明证(2010 年)。 daccess-ods.un.org | Its effective implementation remains a concern as [...] illustrated in a recent case on the European Union’s [...] detention of generic drugs in transit initiated [...]by India and Brazil (2010). daccess-ods.un.org |
719 辆救护车，建立了一个非专利药品国 营公司，并加强了打 击违禁变异药品的斗争。 daccess-ods.un.org | Bolivia had distributed 719 ambulances in rural areas, was creating a national company for generic medicines and had strengthened [...] its fight against contraband altered medicine. daccess-ods.un.org |
(g) 保持国家努力和方案，在国际社会的支持下，通过加强有效的预防、诊 [...] 断和治疗策略，包括通过确保提供负担得起的、优质、有效的 药 品 和 非 专利药品， 包 括青蒿素综合疗法，确保在使用长效、安全、经过杀虫剂处理的蚊帐来防止疟 [...] 疾方面取得的成果，以及加速有关开发疟疾疫苗的持续性研究，应对疟疾带来的 挑战；(h) 继续努力防治被忽视的热带疾病，提供疟疾和结核病防治服务，包括改 daccess-ods.un.org | (g) Sustaining national efforts and programmes, with the support of the international community, to address the challenges posed by malaria by strengthening effective prevention, [...] diagnosis and treatment strategies, including by ensuring the accessibility to and availability of [...] affordable, quality and effective medicines, generics, including [...]artemisinin-combination [...]therapy, as well as progress in the use of long-lasting, safe insecticide-treated bed nets to combat malaria and strengthening ongoing research for the prompt development of malaria vaccines daccess-ods.un.org |
这里我们也要讲两个特别影响医药领域和 非 专利药品 生 产 的问题。 iprcommission.org | We also deal here with two issues which particularly [...] affect the pharmaceutical sector, and the production of generic drugs. iprcommission.org |
(m) 进一步加强国际合作，途径包括交流加强卫生系统方面的最佳做法，改 善获得医药的途径，鼓励开发新技术和按照双方商定的条件转让技术，生产负担 得起的安全有效的优质药品，促进生产新药、 非 专利药品 、 疫 苗和其他保健商品， 培训并留住医务人员，努力确保国际合作和援助，特别是外来资金，更具可预测 性、更加协调、更符合各国促进能力建设的优先事项，并以有助于加强各国卫生 系统的方式提供给受援国 daccess-ods.un.org | (m) Further strengthening international cooperation, inter alia, through exchange of best practices in strengthening health systems, improving access to medicines, encouraging the development of technology and the transfer of technology on mutually agreed terms, the production of affordable, safe, effective and good quality medicines, fostering the production of innovative medicines, generics, vaccines and other health commodities, the training and retaining of health personnel and work to ensure that international cooperation and assistance, in particular external funding, become more predictable, better harmonized and better aligned with national priorities for capacity-building and channelled to recipient countries in ways that strengthen national health systems daccess-ods.un.org |
(g) 加强国家和国际各级的努力以改善安全、可负担得起、优质和有效的药 品，包括创新药品和非专利药品，尤 其是用于幼儿期儿童治疗的药品的获取和提供 daccess-ods.un.org | (g) To strengthen national and international efforts to improve the [...] accessibility to and availability of safe, [...] affordable, quality and effective medicines, including [...]innovative and generic, in particular [...]for the treatment of children in early childhood daccess-ods.un.org |
某些公司甚至为非专利药品提供较高比例的报销（如报 销 80%而不是 75%）来鼓励人们使用。 unesdoc.unesco.org | Some will even grant a higher rate of re-imbursement (ex: 80% instead [...] of 75%) on generic drugs to encourage their use. unesdoc.unesco.org |
例如，Cipla是印度的一家生产非 专利药品的 厂家，它生产的 10 毫克吗啡片的批发价是 [...] 0.017 美元，但中低收入国家一个月 用量吗啡的中间价为 112 美元，而工业化国家的中间价为 53 美元。 daccess-ods.un.org | For instance, Cipla, a generic manufacturer in India, produces 10 mg morphine tablets sold [...] wholesale for US$ 0.017 each, yet the median [...] cost of a month’s supply of morphine in low- [...]and middle-income countries is $112, [...]as compared to $53 for industrialized countries.79 Additionally, non-generic medicines frequently are promoted for use over cheaper, equally safe and effective generic counterparts. daccess-ods.un.org |
承诺通过高效使用资源，消除非 专利药品 和 其 他低成本药品合法贸易所面临 的各种障碍，采取有的放矢的干预措施，按照国家发展计划和优先事项落实更加 [...] 高效、创新和可持续艾滋病毒防治方案，提高预防效率，确保发挥艾滋病毒和艾 滋病防治措施与为实现千年发展目标等国际商定发展目标所作努力之间的协同 [...]作用，扭转费用上升的趋势 daccess-ods.un.org | Commit to breaking the upward trajectory of costs [...] through the efficient utilization of resources, addressing [...]barriers to the legal trade in [...]generics and other low-cost medicines, improving the efficiency of prevention by targeting interventions to deliver more efficient, innovative and sustainable programmes for the HIV and AIDS response, in accordance with national development plans and priorities, and ensuring that synergies are exploited between the HIV and AIDS response and the efforts to achieve the internationally agreed development goals, including the Millennium Development Goals daccess-ods.un.org |
此外，发 言者警告，目前存在的一种情况是，双边贸易协定不仅越来越多地被用于削弱非 专利药品的提 供，而且限制国家尽最大可能获得必需药品的自由。 daccess-ods.un.org | In particular, speakers warned that bilateral trade agreements are increasingly being used to [...] undermine both the availability [...] of generic drugs and the freedom of countries to maximize access to essential medicines. daccess-ods.un.org |
这项安排可使供应来源多样化，扩大非专利药的市场 [...] 规模和竞争力，推动为发展中国家开发经改进的配方，并降低许可证协议的交易 费用，同时将非专利药品公司 和专利拥有者在法律上的不确定性降到最低限度。 daccess-ods.un.org | That arrangement would diversify supply sources, expand generic market size and competition, facilitate the development of improved formulations for developing countries and reduce [...] transaction costs for licensing agreements, while minimizing legal uncertainty [...] for generic companies and patent holders. daccess-ods.un.org |
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