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External sources (not reviewed)

Given its lack of popular support, political fractiousness and military limitations, Al-Shabaab’s greatest asset today is its economic strength.

[...] Santa to Oogie Boogie, a gambling-addict [...]

Bully Boogie: After failing [...]

Seen by millions across the globe this worldwide smash-hit tells the classic story of Baby and Johnny, two fiercely-independent young spirits from different worlds, who come together in what will be the most challenging and triumphant summer of their lives.

Where possible, measures shall be taken to counterbalance disadvantages faced by women detained in institutions located far from their homes.

Juvenile justice is sadly lacking in a system that incarcerates children all too easily in substandard institutions and that instrumentalizes children for political ends.

Computerised data systems have the capacity to signal whenever a legal time limit has been reached; this is a potentially important tool in preventing lengthy pre-trial detention.

All States countering terrorism must comply with their obligations under international law, in particular by ensuring respect for the absolute prohibition of torture and other cruel, inhuman or degrading treatment or punishment; ensuring that all persons deprived of liberty benefit from the guarantees to which they are entitled under international law, including the review of the detention and other fundamental judicial guarantees; ensuring that no form of deprivation of liberty places a detained person outside the protection of the law; respecting due process obligations and the right to a fair trial; abiding fully by non-refoulement obligations; ensuring legality in the criminalization of acts of terrorism; and respecting the right to an effective remedy.

[...] [...] by arrest or detention, regardless of the place of arrest or detention, to bring proceedings before court, in order that the court may decide without delay on the lawfulness of his or her detention and order his or her release if the detention is not lawful, in [...]

Through this writ, a judicial hearing on the legality of the arrest, detention or imprisonment must be held immediately, followed by an order for release, if appropriate.

(c) To ensure that no form of deprivation of liberty places a detained person outside the protection of the law, and to respect the safeguards concerning the liberty, security and dignity of the person, in accordance with international law, including international human rights and humanitarian law

His request to meet with the leaders of various political parties was not met since all the leaders were held in detention, either under house arrest or in prisons in remote areas.

The application to extend the period of remand in custody is considered by a singlejudge court in a district or municipal criminal court or a district or territorial military court in the place where the offence was committed or where the pretrial investigation is being conducted; in the absence of the judge of that court or under circumstances which prevent him or her from participating in the examination of the case file, the application is considered by a judge from another appropriate court, designated by the President of the Supreme Criminal Court of the Republic of Qoraqalpog’iston, a criminal court of the city of Tashkent or a province or the Military Court of the Republic of Uzbekistan.

[...] [...] participation in the proceedings; (d) measures alternative to detention, aimed at ensuring that freedom pending [...] [...]

On the other hand, parallel to release, immediate measures should be taken to avoid any cruel treatment, improve conditions of detention and ensure urgent medical treatment.

Court orders imposing pretrial detention must be, with the defendant’s consent, immediately communicated to a relative or to a trustworthy person named by the defendant, or to his/her lawyer.

The counsel made several recommendations in this regard, including the following: if there are legal grounds for pretrial detention they should be applied to guarantee the safety of the victim; if “more lenient means” are applied, a swift information [...] [...]

[...] [...] of a legal basis for detention and due process guarantees, the deprivation of liberty that amounts to placing a detained person outside the protection [...] [...]

Detention is the exception, which may be justified in the concrete circumstances of a case (a) to ensure a person’s appearance at trial whenever there is a serious danger that he or she may abscond; (b) to prevent him or her from obstructing or endangering the investigation or the court proceedings; or (c) to prevent a repetition of the kind of conduct of which he or she is suspected.

(a) The measures taken to ensure that those detained in connection with aforementioned events are afforded fundamental legal safeguards and guaranteed humane treatment while in custody, in full conformity with the Convention.

These issues included measures taken by the authorities with regard to the treatment of detainees at Dantokpa police station and Bohicon gendarmerie; measures taken with regard to the provision of food and water to persons detained in police and gendarmerie custody; measures taken to eliminate corporal punishment in prisons; and measures taken in relation to prisoners sentenced to death.

During their visit, the Working Group found that the challenges faced by people of African descent in Portugal related mainly to their lack of recognition as a specific group in the national policy and legal framework; the lack of recognition of their positive contribution throughout history to the construction and development of the country; the lack of qualitative and quantitative disaggregated data by racial or ethnic origin; the existence of a circle of poverty, unequal access to education, public services, employment, as well as discrimination in the administration and functioning of the justice system; existence of racial profiling and police violence; underrepresentation in political and institutional decision-making processes, as well as the lack of special measures or affirmative action policies in Portugal for people of African descent or other minorities.