| 单词 | 一党专制 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 释义 | 一党专制 —one party dictatorshipSee also:一党—one party (state) 专制—dictatorship • autocracy 专制 adj—tyrannical adj • repressive adj 专制 n—absolutism n • tyranny n 专一—concentrated • single-minded
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这对缅甸政府和国家安保系统将是一 个严 峻考验，因为他们需要在维护法律和秩序的同 时避免重新唤起民众对于昨日专制统 治 历史的回 忆。 crisisgroup.org | This will represent a major test for the government and security services as they seek to maintain law and order without rekindling memories of the recent authoritarian past. crisisgroup.org |
然而，人们不必进行四处搜寻就可发现 17 年一 党专政、13 次军事政变以及最后还有 11 年内战所留 下的巨大伤痕。 daccess-ods.un.org | However, one does not have to search very widely to discover the tremendous trauma that 17 years of one-party rule, 13 military [...] coups and, finally, [...]11 years of civil war have left behind. daccess-ods.un.org |
这一概念 还包括民间社会 的许多方面，包括公共委员会、地方理事会以及诸如各 政 党 、 工会 、 专 业或 行业协会、妇女组织、社区基层组织和其他与公共生活和政治生活有关的组 织的活动。 daccess-ods.un.org | The concept also includes many aspects of civil society, including public [...] boards and [...] local councils and the activities of organizations such as political parties, trade unions, professional or industry associations, women’s organizations, [...] [...]community-based organizations and other organizations concerned with public and political life. daccess-ods.un.org |
它满意地注意到一些建 议，例如必须修订或在必要时废止有利于 对 专制 统 治时代所犯罪行有罪不罚的法 律，以及改进监狱制度，尤其是对未成年人采取剥夺自由之外的替代措施。 daccess-ods.un.org | It noted with satisfaction some recommendations, such as the importance of revision and, if necessary, the derogation of laws that favoured impunity for crimes committed during the dictatorship, as well as the improvement of the prison system, specifically the alternative measures to liberty deprivation for minors. daccess-ods.un.org |
国际职务：民主制度和人权办公室 (民主人权办)/欧安组织(莫斯科机制， 专家 登 记册)，2006-2009 年；明日全球领袖(世界经济论坛)，2001-2004；欧洲自由 民主党人理事会，1995 年。 daccess-ods.un.org | International assignments: Office for Democratic Institutions and [...] Human Rights [...] (ODIHR)/OSCE (Moscow Mechanism, register for experts) 2006-2009; Global Leaders of Tomorrow (World Economic Forum), 2001-2004; European Liberal Democrats (ELDR) Council, 1995. daccess-ods.un.org |
民主重建应围绕如下方面：(a) 尊重科特迪瓦民族多样性的包容的政治多元 化；(b) 制定一个对 政治生活伦理原则有共识的民主宪章；(c) 建立具备人力物 力的独立制度和机制，以保障基本的民主活动的客观性和公正性，如选举、资助 其他政党、公 平地获得信息和交流技术和尊重基本自由。 daccess-ods.un.org | Rebuilding democracy should focus on (a) achieving inclusive political pluralism that respects the diversity of the Ivorian people; (b) drafting a [...] consensual democratic charter on ethical principles in politics; and (c) establishing [...] independent institutions and mechanisms with the necessary human and material resources to guarantee the objectivity and impartiality of basic features of democracy such as elections, financing of political parties, equal access to information [...]and communication, [...]and respect for basic freedoms. daccess-ods.un.org |
至于厄立 特里亚，自 2000 年以来，情况就从没停止过恶化， [...] 从独立开始，在位的政权就非常的专制，取消了大 部分的自由权利，强制实行一党专政 ， 禁止选举。 daccess-ods.un.org | Meanwhile, the situation in Eritrea had deteriorated continuously since 2000, and the extremely repressive [...] regime in power had eliminated most [...] freedoms, imposed a single-party system and had prevented [...]the holding of elections from the time of independence to date. daccess-ods.un.org |
为了改进对生物圈保留地的管理，协助它们更积极地响应生态系 统管理法，开始进行了一项关 于体制机构的调查，在调查完成后，预计将于 2003 年底举行 法律和体制专家特别工作组会议，该工作组是经会员国磋商后组成的。 unesdoc.unesco.org | In order to improve the management of biosphere reserves and help them to better respond to the ecosystem approach, a survey on institutional mechanisms was [...] launched, which will [...] be followed by the meeting of a task force of legal and institutional experts, constituted after consultation of Member States, and foreseen [...]at the end of 2003. unesdoc.unesco.org |
该决议并未认识到，如 果黎巴嫩国家能对其整个领土实施控 制 ， 那 么，真 主党将不会作为一个恐 怖实体存在，并将该地区的 人民拖入其恶意针对以色列的战争中。 daccess-ods.un.org | The resolution failed to acknowledge [...] that if the Lebanese State [...] exercised control throughout its territory, Hizbullah would not operate [...]as a terrorist entity [...]that dragged the people of the region into its ill-conceived wars against Israel. daccess-ods.un.org |
这标志着吉布提共和国在多元民主道路上迈出了重要一步，特别是在非洲大 陆充斥着拉波勒呼吁和民主开放，以及想要找到国家内部危机顺利解决办法的背 景下结束了一党制。 daccess-ods.un.org | The Constitution marks an important step for Djibouti in its progression towards a pluralist democracy, bringing an end to the single-party system in a continental context dominated by the call of the La Baule Summit and the process of [...] democratization, but it is also a [...] sign of the will to find a favourable solution to the internal crisis facing the country. daccess-ods.un.org |
肯尼亚是一个多党制民主 政体，每五年进行选举。 daccess-ods.un.org | Kenya is a multiparty democracy and elections [...] are held every five years. daccess-ods.un.org |
这一协商 办法在处理以下问题方面也会有很大益处：及早为全国独 立选举委员会和政党制定行 为守则，并及时认可国家和国际选举观察员，这些观 察员在监测投票方面将发挥重要作用。 daccess-ods.un.org | This consultative approach would be very [...] useful in addressing issues such as the early adoption [...] of codes of conduct for CENI and political parties, and the timely accreditation of the national and international electoral observers [...] [...]who will play an important role in monitoring the polls. daccess-ods.un.org |
第一部国 家基本法《宪法》的通过(1992 年)，使国家走上了向民主过渡以及政治 稳定的道路，建立了由四个政党组成的 多 党制。 daccess-ods.un.org | The adoption in 1992 of the country’s Constitution, the first basic [...] law, set Djibouti on the path of transition to democracy and political stabilization, with the introduction of a multiparty system restricted to four political parties. daccess-ods.un.org |
秘 书长请：(a) 大会认可关于在主管管理事务副秘书长办公室内建立企业风险管理 和内部控制专门职 能的提议，以根据大会第 64/259 号决议的要求，着手增强风 险评估、风险缓解以及内部控制的现有能力；(b) 考虑到该项目为本组织最高优 先事项之一，秘书处可暂时在现有资源范围内提供所需资源，其后在 2014-2015 年预算中拟订提案提交大会。 daccess-ods.un.org | The Secretary-General is requesting: (a) that the Assembly endorse his proposal to establish a dedicated enterprise [...] risk management and [...] internal control function within the Office of the Under-Secretary-General for Management to work on the enhancement of the current capabilities for risk assessment and mitigation and internal control, as requested by the Assembly in its resolution 64/259; and that (b) in considering the project as one of the highest [...]priorities of the Organization, [...]the Secretariat temporarily meet those requirements from within existing resources and subsequently define a proposal for submission to the Assembly in the context of the 2014-2015 budget. daccess-ods.un.org |
全球统一制度专家小 组委员会还继续与管理某些涉及化学安全具体方面的 国际公约的条约机构开展了合作，通过有关公约促进《全球统一制度》的实施， [...] 例如《控制危险废物越境转移及其处置巴塞尔公约》、《关于消耗臭氧层物质的蒙 特利尔议定书》、《关于持久性有机污染物的斯德哥尔摩公约》、《关于在国际贸易 [...] 中对某些危险化学品和农药采用事先知情同意程序的鹿特丹公约》；《工业事故跨 界影响公约》(另见下文第 46 段)。 daccess-ods.un.org | The Subcommittee of Experts on the Globally Harmonized System has also [...] continued its cooperation with treaty bodies that [...]administer certain international conventions dealing with specific aspects of chemical safety in order to facilitate the implementation of the Globally Harmonized System through such conventions (Basel Convention on the Control of Transboundary Movements of Hazardous Wastes and their Disposal; Montreal Protocol on Substances that Deplete the Ozone Layer; Stockholm Convention on Persistent Organic Pollutants; Rotterdam Convention on the Prior Informed Consent Procedure for Certain Hazardous Chemicals and Pesticides in International Trade; and Convention on the Transboundary Effects of Industrial Accidents (see also para. 46 below)). daccess-ods.un.org |
以色列使戈兰居民遭受严厉、专制和 不 人道的 拘留条件，并且对叙利亚被拘留者进行公开审判， 任意逮捕了两名叙利亚记者，对其的指控是与其老 家通讯，并且软禁了一名两 岁的小孩，其借口是他 出生于叙利亚戈兰以外的地方，而他的父母都就读 于大马士革大学，正如特别委员会的报告第 92 段描 述的那样。 daccess-ods.un.org | Israel had subjected the population of the Golan to harsh, tyrannical and inhuman conditions of internment and had held show trials of Syrian detainees, arbitrarily arresting two Syrian journalists on a charge of communicating [...] with their homeland, and imposing [...]house arrest on a two-year-old child on the pretext that he was born outside the Syrian Golan while his parents were studying at the University of Damascus, as described in paragraph 92 of the Special Committee’s report. daccess-ods.un.org |
奥地利致力于积极执行第1894 (2009)号决议， 目前我国正在编制一个关 于保护平民的跨学科培训 课程，该课程将对本国和国际参与者开放，包括武 装部队、警察和民政管理当局中的高层决策者和其 他文职利益攸关方及专家。 daccess-ods.un.org | Austria has committed itself to proactive implementation of [...] resolution 1894 (2009) and is [...] currently developing an interdisciplinary training course on the protection of civilians that will be open to national and international participants who are senior decision-makers of armed forces, police and civilian administration, as well as other civilian stakeholders and experts. daccess-ods.un.org |
为 此，政府应尽一切努力促进国家的经济发展和全体科特迪瓦人民的共同繁荣，同 时兼顾地区与部族平等，还应通过在国家建 立 一 个 专 门 机 构来 编 制一 份 有 关年轻 人和妇女的社会经济振兴与发展计划。 daccess-ods.un.org | In this connection the Government must make every effort to promote the country’s economic development and the collective prosperity of the Ivorian people, respecting the equality between regions and communities, including by implementing a socio-economic development and recovery plan for young people and women by establishing a dedicated cross-cutting government entity. daccess-ods.un.org |
(c) 民族团结政府成立后，应宣布其宗旨是建立民主和 多 党制 ； 在 这 一制度 下 ，所有公民，不论其所属派别、宗派或宗教身份，均是平等的，并以和平方式 进行权力移交 daccess-ods.un.org | (c) Once formed, [...] the government of national unity should declare that its aim is to establish a democratic and multi-party system in which all [...]citizens are equal [...]irrespective of their affiliation or sectarian or religious identity, and in which power changes hands peacefully daccess-ods.un.org |
美洲民主宪章》在 2011 年庆祝通过 10 周年，该宪章向成员国提供了一 个框架，用于在民主面临挑战时，指导他们的集体行动，认为民主不只是举行自 由和公正的选举，还包括除其他外，尊重人权和基本自由、法治、多元化的 政党 制度、权力分立和透明度。 daccess-ods.un.org | The latter provides member States with a framework to guide their collective [...] action when democracy faces challenges, [...] recognizing that democracy goes beyond the holding of free and fair elections to include, inter alia, respect for human rights and fundamental freedoms, the rule of law, a pluralistic political party system, the separation of powers, and transparency. daccess-ods.un.org |
1990 年 12 [...] 月，反政府武装“爱国拯救运动”（MPS）获得政权，结束了侯赛 因·哈布雷的独裁统治，并开始构建司法、政治和体制框架，以建 立 一 个 多 党制和 民 主的法制国家，保护和促进人的基本权利、自由、人的尊严和司法公正。 daccess-ods.un.org | On 1 December 1990, the Patriotic Salvation Movement (MPS) came to power after an armed insurrection, bringing an end to Hissein Habré’s dictatorship. This led to the establishment of [...] a legal, political [...] and institutional framework conducive to the establishment of a State based on the rule [...]of law and pluralist [...]democracy, in which fundamental human rights and liberties, the dignity of the human person and justice are guaranteed, protected and promoted. daccess-ods.un.org |
在这项改革的主要成就中，他列举了以下几 点：采用新《宪法》保证绝对的立法、行政和司法 [...] 权分立；建立新的机关和机构，特别是在司法领域； 通过一个宪章来保证对人权的尊重；加入了 9 个与 人权相关的国际公约中的 8 个；实行多党制政体 ； 自由和独立的新闻界的加强和飞跃；建立 起 一 个有 利于活跃的民间社会向前发展的框架。 daccess-ods.un.org | Major success included a new Constitution guaranteeing complete separation between legislative, executive and judicial powers; creation of new agencies and institutions, notably in the judicial sector; adoption of a human rights charter; accession to eight of the [...] nine international [...] human rights conventions; establishment of a multi-party political system; strengthening and expanding a free [...]and independent [...]press; and establishing a suitable framework for the development of a dynamic civil society. daccess-ods.un.org |
促进传播发展，特别关注传媒的独立性和多元化：教科文组织将努力 [...] a)强化媒体的自 由、独立和多元化，方法是培养独立和 非 党 派 传媒 及 专 业 组 织网络的能力，帮助处于冲突中 和冲突后形势下的传媒以及转型国家的传媒，以及宣传媒体在良政和人权意识方面的作用； [...] [...] b)通过国际传播发展计划加强国际合作，促进传媒的发展，特别关注非洲和最不发达国家。 unesdoc.unesco.org | 77. Promoting communication development, with special regard to independent and pluralistic media: UNESCO will pursue action regarding: (a) a strengthening of free, independent and [...] pluralist media by building capacities for [...] independent and non-partisan media and networks [...]of professional organizations, by assisting [...]media in open and post-conflict situations and countries in transition, and by promoting the role of media in good governance and human rights awareness; (b) promoting media development by strengthening international cooperation through IPDC, with special attention to Africa and LDCs. unesdoc.unesco.org |
民主改革运动的支柱之一，是创建一个成熟的民主框架 ， 制 定 一 个 产 生权力 分配新安排和增加政治参与的充满活力的 政 党制 度 的 新《宪法》。 daccess-ods.un.org | Creating a mature democratic framework, with a [...] new Constitution that produces new arrangements in the distribution of powers and a vibrant party system that increases political participation, was one of the pillars [...]of the democratic reform movement. daccess-ods.un.org |
国家内部和外部的主要变革是：一些 国家为克服财政赤字及相关问题实行了财政和管理改革 ； 一 些 专制 或 半 专 制 政权 经历了民主化；公共权力被下放；多国形成联合体的情况增加；民间社会组织的 自主性和开展公民活动的积极性不断提高；经济自由化或新自由主义改革；市场 (金融、贸易、服务业、制造业)的全球化以及信息时代的到来；此外还有不断增 加的世界性问题，例如贫穷、不平等、安全、移民、恐怖主义和气候变化。 daccess-ods.un.org | The main changes inside and outside the State were [...] the fiscal and [...] managerial reforms undertaken by States to overcome their fiscal deficits and related problems; the democratization of authoritarian or semi-authoritarian regimes; the decentralization [...]of public power; [...]the rise of multi-State formations; a growing autonomy and civic activism of civil society organizations; economic liberalization or neoliberal reforms; the globalization of markets (finance, trade, services, manufacturing); and the rise of the information age, in addition to increasing world problems like poverty, inequality, security, migration, terrorism, and climate change. daccess-ods.un.org |
联邦调查局已成立专门从 事反恐工作的新业务部门，其中包括负责管理和共 享威胁信息、24 小时运作的反恐观察处和国家联合反恐工作队；负责 统 一制 止资 助恐怖主义工作的制止资助恐怖主义行动科；负责研判海外材料情报价值的研判 证据工作队；负责在任何需要的地方提供反 恐 专 业 知识的可部署“飞队”；负责 帮助识别恐怖分子并将其挡在美国门外的恐怖分子识别中心和外国恐怖分子追 踪工作队。 daccess-ods.un.org | These include the 24-hour Counterterrorism Watch and the National Joint Terrorism Task Force to manage and share threat [...] information; the Terrorism Financing [...] Operation Section to centralize efforts to stop terrorist financing; evidence exploitation squads to exploit material found overseas for intelligence value; deployable “Fly Teams” to lend counter-terrorism expertise wherever it is needed; and the Terrorist Screening Center and Foreign Terrorist Tracking Task Force to help identify terrorists and keep them out of the United States. daccess-ods.un.org |
这为包括美国和欧盟在内的 所有利益相关方提供了一个机 会，来超 越 专制 主义的立场和矛盾，重新审视制裁问题，寻求实际的解 决方案来打破政治僵局。 crisisgroup.org | This provides an opportunity for all concerned, including the EU and U.S., to move beyond absolutist positions [...] and ambivalence, reengage [...]on the issue and seek practical options for breaking the political deadlock. crisisgroup.org |
该法规定实行混合平行选举制度， 将通过专门适 用个人候选人的多数制选举产生 120 名议员，并通过 专门适用各政党和其 他团体提出的名单的比 例 制选 举产生 80 名议员。 daccess-ods.un.org | The law provides for a mixed parallel electoral system, with 120 [...] seats to be elected by majoritarian races reserved for individual candidates, and 80 seats to be elected by proportional races reserved for lists to be submitted by political or other groups. daccess-ods.un.org |
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