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Wikipedia

Robots exclusion standard:

The Robot Exclusion Standard, also known as the Robots Exclusion Protocol or robots.txt protocol, is a convention to advising cooperating web crawlers and other web robots about accessing all or part of a website which is otherwise publicly viewable.

Robots.txt:

robots.txt（统一小写）是一种存放于网站根目录下的ASCII编码的文本文件，它通常告诉网络搜索引擎的漫游器（又称网络蜘蛛），此网站中的哪些内容是不应被搜索引擎的漫游器获取的，哪些是可以被（漫游器）获取的。