| 释义 |
Examples:Taku Forts, maritime defense works in Tianjin dating back the Ming dynasty, playing a prominent role during the Opium Wars (1839-1860)—Treaty of Nanjing (1842) that concluded the First Opium War between Qing China and Britain—prohibition on opium (esp. in China from 1729)—Lin Zexu or Lin Tse-hsu "Commissioner Lin" (1785-1850), Qing official whose anti-opium activities led first Opium war with Britain 1840-1842—the Opium Wars of 1840-1842 and 1860-1861—the Arrow (a Hong Kong registered ship involved in historical incident in 1856 used as pretext for the second Opium War)—blow cigarette or opium smoke—the Arrow incident of 1856 (used as pretext for the second Opium War)—(in the context of Chinese history) the period from the Opium Wars until the May 4th Movement (mid-19th century 1919)—modern history (for China, from the Opium Wars until the fall of the Qing Dynasty, i.e. mid-19th early 20th century)— |