1
Mandarin
mass noun the standard literary and official form of Chinese, spoken by over 730 million people（汉语）官话; （中国）国语（其标准书面正式形式有7.3亿以上的人使用）：as modifier Mandarin Chinese.汉语普通话。
2
- an official in any of the nine top grades of the former imperial Chinese civil service（旧时中国各朝代政府中九品及九品以上的）官员。
2.1
- as modifier(especially of clothing) characteristic or supposedly characteristic of such officials（尤指衣服）官员穿戴的：
a red-buttoned mandarin cap.
红顶子官帽。
2.2
- an ornament consisting of a nodding figure in traditional Chinese dress, typically made of porcelain（用作传统中式服装饰件的）摆头人（多为瓷制）。
2.3
- mass noun porcelain decorated with Chinese figures dressed as mandarins（绘有中国古代官员图像的）瓷器。
2.4
- a powerful official or senior bureaucrat, especially one perceived as reactionary and secretive官僚：
a civil service mandarin.
行政官僚。
派生词
mandarinate
noun词源
late 16th cent. (denoting a Chinese official)： from Portuguese mandarim, via Malay from Hindi mantrī 'counsellor'.
(亦作mandarine /-riːn/, mandarin orange)
词源
late 18th cent.: from French mandarine; perhaps related to MANDARIN1， the colour of the fruit being likened to the official's yellow robes.