Locke¹, John (1632-1704), English philosopher, a founder of empiricism and political liberalism. His Two Treatises of Government (1690) argues that the authority of rulers has a human origin and is limited. In An Essay Concerning Human Understanding (1690) he argued that all knowledge is derived from sense-experience.

Locke², Joseph (1805-60), English civil engineer. A pioneer in railways, he enjoyed a lifelong association with Thomas Brassey, building important lines in England, Scotland, and France.