- with obj. grasp, carry, or support with one's arms or hands抓住, 拿着, 托住, 夹住：
she was holding a brown leather suitcase
她拎着一只棕色的皮箱
no obj. he held on to the back of a chair.他抓住椅背。
- with obj. and adverbial keep or sustain in a specified position使保持（特定的状态）：
I held the door open for him
我为他开着门
figurative〈喻〉the people are held down by a repressive military regime.
人们受到残酷的军事政权的压制。
- embrace (someone)拥抱：
Mark pulled her into his arms and held her close.
马克把她拉入怀中, 紧紧地拥抱着她。
- be able to bear (the weight of a person or thing)能承受（重量）, 能支撑：
I reached up to the nearest branch which seemed likely to hold my weight.
我伸手去够离我最近的看上去能支撑我体重的枝干。
- (of a vehicle) maintain close contact with (the road), especially when driven at speed（尤指车辆高速行驶中）紧贴（路面）：
the car holds the corners very well.
车在转弯时紧贴着路面。
- (of a ship or an aircraft) continue to follow (a particular course)（船, 飞机）沿（一特定航线）继续前行：
the ship is holding a south-easterly course.
这艘船正沿东南航向航行。
- no obj., with adverbial of direction archaic keep going in a particular direction〈古〉（沿某一特定方向）继续前行：
he held on his way, close behind his friend.
他继续向前走, 紧跟在他朋友后面。
- with obj. keep or detain (someone)拘留：
the police were holding him on a murder charge
警察因谋杀罪而将他拘留
with obj. and complement she was held prisoner for two days.她被拘留了两天。
- keep possession of (something), typically in the face of a challenge or attack（尤指面对挑战或攻击时）占有, 控制：
the rebels held the town for many weeks
叛军占领该镇许多个星期
no obj. White managed to hold on to his lead.怀特设法成功地保住了他的领先地位。
- keep (someone's interest or attention)保持（某人的兴趣, 注意力）。
- (of a singer or musician) sustain (a note)（歌唱家, 音乐家）持续（一种音符）。
- stay or cause to stay at a certain value or level（使）保持（价值或水平）：
no obj. MCI shares held at 77p微波通信公司的股票保持在77美分
with obj. he is determined to hold down inflation.他决定抑制通货膨胀。
- (in sport) manage to achieve a draw against (opponents thought likely to win)（运动用语）设法与（被认为有可能获胜的对手）战成平局：
AC Milan were held to a 1-1 draw by Udinese.
AC米兰队被乌迪内斯队1比1逼平。
- no obj. remain secure, intact, or in position without breaking or giving way稳定：
the boat's anchor would not hold.
船锚不稳。
- (of a favourable condition or situation) continue without changing（有利的条件, 情形）持续不变：
let's hope her luck holds.
让我们祝愿她一直有好运。
- be or remain valid or available（持续）有效, （继续）存在：
I'll have that coffee now, if the offer still holds.
如果还允许的话, 我现在想喝那咖啡。
- (of an argument or theory) be logical, consistent, or convincing（论点, 理论）合乎逻辑, 前后一致, 令人信服：
their views still seem to hold up extremely well.
他们的观点看来仍然十分令人信服。
hold to
refuse to abandon or change (a principle or opinion)坚持（原则, 见解）。
- with obj.
hold someone to
cause someone to adhere to (a commitment)使遵守（承诺）： the role of the media ought to be to hold politicians to their promises.
媒体的作用应该是让政客信守他们的承诺。
- with obj. contain or be capable of containing (a specified amount)容纳, 能装（特定的量）：
the tank held twenty-four gallons.
该罐能装24加仑。
- be able to drink (a reasonable amount of alcohol) without becoming drunk or suffering any ill effects能喝（适量的烈酒）, 有酒量：
I can hold my drink as well as anyone.
我的酒量不比任何人差。
- have or be characterized by有, 有…的特征：
I don't know what the future holds.
我不知道未来是什么样子。
- with obj. have in one's possession拥有：
the managing director still holds fifty shares in the company.
总裁仍拥有50股公司股票。
- no obj. N. Amer. informal be in possession of illegal drugs〈北美, 非正式〉携有违禁毒品：
he was holding, and the police hauled him off to jail.
他携有违禁毒品, 警察把他押进了监狱。
- have or occupy (a job or position)拥有（或占有）（工作, 职位）。
- with obj. have or adhere to (a belief or opinion)持有（或坚持）（信仰, 见解）：
I feel nothing but pity for someone who holds such chauvinistic views
我只是为持有这种沙文主义观点的人感到可怜
with clause they hold that all literature is empty of meaning.他们认为所有的文学作品都没有意义。
- with obj. and complement consider (someone) to be responsible or liable for a particular situation认为（某人对某一特定情形）有责任：
you can't hold yourself responsible for what happened.
你不可能认为自己应对发生的事负责。
hold someone/thing in
regard someone or something with (a specified feeling)以（特定感情）看待（人, 物）：the speed limit is held in contempt by many drivers.
许多驾驶员对车辆限速不屑一顾。
- with clause(of a judge or court) rule; decide（法官, 法庭）裁决, 判决：
the Court of Appeal held that there was no evidence to support the judge's assessment.
上诉法院裁决没有证据支持法官的评判。
- with obj. keep or reserve for someone为（人）保留：
a booking can be held for twenty-four hours.
预约可以保留24小时。
- maintain (a telephone connection) until the person one has telephoned is free to speak不挂断电话：
please hold the line, and I'll see if he's available
请别挂断, 我看看他在不在
no obj. will you hold?你等一下好吗？
- prevent from going ahead or occurring控制; 防止：
hold your fire!
不要开枪！
- N. Amer. informal refrain from adding or using (something, typically an item of food or drink)〈北美, 非正式〉克制不加（或不用）（尤指食物或饮料）：
a strawberry margarita, but hold the tequila.
一杯草莓味的玛格丽塔鸡尾酒, 但不要加龙舌兰酒。
hold it
informal used as a way of exhorting someone to wait or to stop doing something〈非正式〉等等, 停（用作劝诫）：hold it right there, mate!
停在那儿, 老兄！
- no obj. archaic restrain oneself〈古〉抑制, 控制（自己）。
- with obj. arrange and take part in (a meeting or conversation)举行（会议, 会谈）：
a meeting was held at the church.
会议在教堂举行。
- an act or manner of grasping something; a grip握, 抓：
he caught hold of her arm
他抓住她的胳膊
he lost his hold and fell.
他没有抓住, 摔倒了。
- a particular way of grasping or restraining someone, especially an opponent in wrestling or judo（尤指摔跤、柔道中的）擒拿法。
- a place where one can grip with one's hands or feet while climbing（供手攀、脚踏的）支撑点, 支撑物：
he felt carefully with his feet for a hold and swung himself up.
他小心翼翼地用脚摸索着支撑点, 然后纵身一跃。
- in sing. power or control支配力; 控制（力）：
Tom had some kind of hold over his father.
汤姆在一定程度上能左右他父亲。
- archaic a fortress〈古〉要塞, 堡垒。
be left holding the baby（或〈美〉bag）
- informal be left with an unwelcome responsibility, typically without warning〈非正式〉（尤指在没有预告的情况下）被加给一项不愉快的责任。
don't hold your breath
- 见BREATH.
get hold of
- grasp (someone or something) physically抓住（人, 物）。
- grasp (something) intellectually; understand理解。
- informal obtain〈非正式〉获得, 得到：
if you can't get hold of ripe tomatoes, add some tomato purée.
如果弄不到熟番茄, 就加点番茄酱。
- informal find or manage to contact (someone)〈非正式〉找到（人）, 设法联系上：
I'll try and get hold of Mark.
我会设法找到马克。
hold someone/thing at bay
- 见BAY5.
hold one's breath
- 见BREATH.
hold someone/thing cheap
- archaic have a low opinion of someone or something〈古〉轻视, 瞧不起。
hold court
- be the centre of attention amidst a crowd of one's admirers（在一群崇拜者中）成为注意焦点。
hold someone/thing dear
- care for or value someone or something greatly重视, 珍视（人, 物）：
fidelity is something most of us hold dear.
忠诚是我们大多数人都珍视的东西。
hold fast
- remain tightly secured紧闭：
the door held fast, obviously locked.
门关得紧紧的, 显然锁上了。
- continue to believe in or adhere to an idea or principle坚持相信, 坚持（观点或原则）：
it is important that we hold fast to the policies.
坚持方针政策是很重要的。
hold the field
- 见FIELD.
hold the fort
- take responsibility for a situation while another person is temporarily absent（另一人暂时不在时）临时负责。
hold good（或 true）
- remain true or valid保持正确, 有效：
his views still hold true today.
他的观点今天仍然正确。
hold one's ground
- 见GROUND1.
hold someone's hand
- give a person comfort, guidance, or moral support in a difficult situation牵某人的手（困难时给人安慰、指引、精神上的支持）。
hold hands
- (of two or more people) clasp each other by the hand, typically as a sign of affection手牵手（多表示友爱）。
hold hard
- Brit. used as a way of exhorting someone to stop or wait〈英〉等一下, 停住：
here, hold hard a minute.
嘿, 等一会儿。
hold someone/thing harmless
- Law indemnify【律】赔偿。
hold one's horses
- usu. as imperative informal wait a moment〈非正式〉等一下。
hold the line
- not yield to the pressure of a difficult situation坚持下去, 不屈服压力：
France's central bank would hold the line.
法国中央银行不会退让。
hold one's nose
- squeeze one's nostrils with one's fingers in order to avoid inhaling an unpleasant smell捏紧鼻子（以免闻难闻的气味）。
hold one's own
- 见OWN.
hold one's peace
- 见 PEACE.
hold (one's) serve（或 service）
- (in tennis and other racket sports) win a game in which one is serving（网球、羽毛球等）赢了发球局。
hold the stage
- 见STAGE.
hold sway
- 见SWAY.
hold thumbs
- S. African fold one's fingers over one's thumb to bring good luck〈南非〉握紧大拇指（以带来好运）。
hold someone to bail
- Law bind by bail【律】拘留某人直至交保。
hold one's tongue
- often in imperative informal remain silent〈非正式〉保持沉默。
hold someone/thing to ransom
- 见RANSOM.
hold one's head up（或 hold one's head high）
- 见HEAD.
hold water
- often with negative(of a statement, theory, or line of reasoning) appear to be valid, sound, or reasonable（声明, 理论, 推理方法）似乎有效的, 有根据的, 站得住脚的：
this argument just does not hold water.
这种论点完全站不住脚。
no holds barred
- (in wrestling) with no restrictions on the kinds of holds that are used（摔跤）不受任何擒拿法限制。
- figurative used to convey that no rules or restrictions apply in a conflict or dispute〈喻〉（在冲突、争吵中）无清规戒律, 不受任何限制约束：
no-holds-barred military action.
没有任何约束的军事行动。
on hold
- waiting to be connected while making a telephone call（打电话时）等候（接通）。
- temporarily not being dealt with or pursued暂时停止：
he has had to put his career on hold.
他不得不暂停他的事业。
take hold
- start to have an effect开始起作用：
the reforms of the late nineteenth century had taken hold.
19世纪后期的改革已开始起作用了。
there is no holding someone
- used to convey that someone is particularly determined or cannot be prevented from doing something（用于表达某人已下定决心做某事）没有人能阻止（人）：
there's no holding you these days.
如今没人能拦住你。
holdable
adjectivehold something against someone
- allow past actions or circumstances to have a negative influence on one's present attitude towards someone因（过去行为或情况的负面影响）而对人产生消极的看法：
he knew that if he failed her, she would hold it against him forever.
他知道如果他辜负她的话, 她会因此永远记恨他。
hold back
- hesitate to act or speak踌躇, 犹豫：
he held back, remembering the mistake he had made before.
他犹豫了, 记起了自己以前犯的错。
hold someone/thing back
- prevent or restrict the advance, progress, or development of someone or something阻碍, 阻止, 抑制：
Jane struggled to hold back the tears.
简竭力忍住眼泪。
-
hold something back
refuse or be unwilling to make something known隐瞒： you're not holding anything back from me, are you?
你没有向我隐瞒什么, 是吗？
hold someone down
- keep someone under strict control or severely restrict their freedom压制; 限制：
the people are held down by a repressive military regime.
人民受到一个残暴军政权的压制。
hold something down
- informal succeed in keeping a job or position for a period of time〈非正式〉保住（工作, 职位）。
hold forth
- talk lengthily, assertively, or tediously about a subject滔滔不绝地说：
he was holding forth on the merits of the band's debut LP.
他滔滔不绝地谈论该乐队第一张密纹唱片的优点。
hold something in
- suppress an expression of emotion抑制情感：
she tried to stop laughing, but it was too much to hold in.
她试图不再笑, 但要止住实在太难了。
hold someone/thing off
- resist an attacker or challenge抵抗（攻击者, 挑战）：
he held off a late challenge by Vose to win by thirteen seconds.
他抵住了沃斯不久前的一次挑战, 赢了他13秒。
hold off
- (of bad weather) fail to occur（坏天气）未出现。
- delay or postpone an action or decision拖延, 推迟。
hold on
- often in imperative wait; stop等一等; 停：
hold on a minute, I'll be right back!
等一会儿, 我马上回来。
- endure or keep going in difficult circumstances（在困难情况下）继续, 坚持：
if only they could hold on a little longer.
他们要是能再坚持一会儿就好了。
hold on to
- keep留住; 保存：
the industry is trying to hold on to experienced staff.
该行业正设法留住有经验的工作人员。
hold out
- resist or survive in dangerous or difficult circumstances抵抗, 抵挡; 继续生存：
British troops held out against constant attacks.
英国军队抵挡住了不断的攻击。
- continue to be sufficient维持充足状态：
we can stay here for as long as our supplies hold out.
只要补给一直充足的话, 我们就能待在这儿。
hold out for
- continue to demand (a particular thing), refusing to accept what has been offered坚持要求（拒绝接受所给予的）：
he is holding out for a guaranteed 7 per cent raise.
他一直在要求保证过的7%的加薪。
hold out on
- informal refuse to give something, typically information, to (someone)〈非正式〉拒绝给（尤指信息）。
hold something out
- offer a chance or hope给予机会（或希望）：
a new drug may hold out hope for patients with lung cancer.
新药也许会给肺癌患者以希望。
hold something over
- postpone something推迟, 拖延。
- use a fact or piece of information to threaten or intimidate (someone)（用事实或一则信息）要挟（人）。
hold together（或 hold something together）
- remain or cause to remain united（使）保持团结：
if your party holds together, you will probably win.
如果你们党保持团结, 你们很可能会赢。
hold up
- remain strong or vigorous保持强劲：
the Labour vote held up well.
工党的得票数保持领先。
hold someone/thing up
-
hold something up
support and prevent from falling支撑： concrete pillars hold up the elevated section of the railway.
混凝土柱子支撑着铁路的高架部分。
- display something by holding it above one's waist or head捧起, 举起：
he held up the book so she could see the cover.
他把书举起以便她能看到书的封面。
- present or expose someone or something as an example or for particular treatment推出（人, 物）作为例子; 使受特殊对待：
they were held up to public ridicule.
他们被示众让大家嘲笑。
- delay or block the movement or progress of someone or something耽搁, 拖延; 妨碍, 阻碍：
our return flight was held up for seven hours.
我们的回程航班被延误了7个小时。
- rob someone or something using the threat of force or violence以暴力（或暴力威胁）抢劫：
a masked raider held up the post office.
一个蒙面强盗抢了邮局。
- Bridge refrain from playing a winning card for tactical reasons【桥牌】（因战术原因）扣住, 忍让。
hold with
- with negative informal approve of〈非正式〉赞成：
I don't hold with fighting or violence.
我不赞成打仗或暴力。