Highland clearances
- the forced removal of crofters from their land in the Highlands of Scotland in the late 18th and early 19th centuries. The clearances, carried out by landlords wanting to install sheep and deer on their estates, led to extreme hardship as well as to widespread emigration to North America and elsewhere.高地清除运动（18世纪后期和19世纪初苏格兰高地小农场的佃农被迫外迁, 因为地主想在其土地上畜养羊和鹿, 这导致了佃农生活的极端困苦以及向北美和其他地方的大量迁移）。