1
- mass noun wheat or any other cultivated cereal used as food（作为食物的）小麦（或其他谷类）。
1.1
- the seeds of such cereals谷物：
as modifier grain exports.谷物出口。
2
- a single fruit or seed of a cereal谷粒：
a few grains of corn.
几粒玉米。
2.1
- a small hard particle of a substance such as salt or sand小而硬的颗粒（如盐粒或沙粒）：
a grain of salt.
一粒盐。
2.2
- the smallest possible quantity or amount of a quality最小的数量; 最少的质量：
there wasn't a grain of truth in what he said.
他说的话没有一丁点是真的。
2.3
- a discrete particle or crystal in a metal, igneous rock, etc., typically visible only when a surface is magnified（尤指只有表面被放大才能看得见的）（金属、火成岩等的）微粒; 晶粒。
2.4
- a piece of solid propellant for use in a rocket engine（用于火箭发动机的）固体推进剂。
3
- （缩略词： gr.）the smallest unit of weight in the troy and avoirdupois systems, equal to 1/5760 of a pound troy and 1/7000 of a pound avoirdupois (approximately 0.0648 grams)格令（金衡制和常衡制中最小的重量单位, 等于金衡镑的1/5760和常衡磅的1/7000即约等于0. 0648 克）。
- ORIGIN: because originally the weight was equivalent to that of a grain of corn.
4
- mass noun the longitudinal arrangement or pattern of fibres in wood, paper, etc.（木头、纸张等的）纹路; 纹理：
he scored along the grain of the table with the knife.
他用刀在桌上顺着木头的纹路刻着。
4.1
- roughness in texture of wood, stone, etc.; the arrangement and size of constituent particles（木头、石头等）纹理的粗糙程度; 组成粒子的排列和大小：
the lighter, finer grain of the wood is attractive.
木头上细密、颜色浅的纹路很好看。
4.2
- the rough or wrinkled outer surface of leather, or of a similar artificial material（皮革或其他类似人工材料的）粗糙面; 皱面。
4.3
- Mining lamination or planes of cleavage in materials such as stone and coal【矿】（石头和煤等原料的）解理面; 劈理面。
4.4
- Photography a granular appearance of a photograph or negative, which is in proportion to the size of the emulsion particles composing it【摄】颗粒（出现在照片或底片上, 与组成其的乳胶粒的大小成比例）。
5
- archaic a person's character or natural tendency〈古〉（人的）性格; 天性。
6
- mass noun historical kermes or cochineal, or dye made from either of these〈史〉胭脂虫; 胭脂虫红。
- ORIGIN: the kermes was thought to consist of grains.
with obj.
1
- （一般作be grained）give a rough surface or texture to使表面（或纹理）粗糙：
her fingers were grained with chalk dust.
她的手指因为粉笔灰变得粗糙起来。
1.1
- no obj. form into grains成粒状：
if the sugar does grain up, add more water.
糖如果结成粒状, 就再加点水。
2
- usu. as noun graining paint (especially furniture or interior surfaces) in imitation of the grain of wood or marble（尤指将家具或内表面）漆成木纹（或大理石纹）：
the art of graining and marbling.
漆木纹和漆大理石纹的艺术。
3
- remove hair from (a hide)将（生皮）去毛：
as adj. grained the boots were of best grained leather.这些靴子是用去毛去得最好的皮制成的。
4
- N. Amer. feed (a horse) on grain〈北美〉用谷物喂（马）。
短语
against the grain
- contrary to the natural inclination or feeling of someone or something格格不入, 违反意愿。
派生词
grained
adjective粗粒的砂岩
grainer
noungrainless
adjective词源
Middle English （originally in the sense'seed, grain of corn'）： from Old French grain, from Latin granum.