the 15th-century English civil wars between the Houses of York and Lancaster, represented by white and red roses respectively, during the reigns of Henry Ⅵ, Edward Ⅳ, and Richard Ⅲ. The struggle was largely ended in 1485 by the defeat and death of the Yorkist king Richard Ⅲ at the Battle of Bosworth and the accession of the Lancastrian Henry Tudor (Henry Ⅶ) , who united the two houses by marrying Elizabeth, daughter of Edward Ⅳ.
玫瑰战争（15世纪亨利六世、爱德华四世和理查三世统治期间的一场英国内战, 在以白玫瑰为族徽的约克家族和以红玫瑰为族徽的兰开斯特家族之间展开; 约克家族的理查三世在博斯沃思战役中失败阵亡, 兰开斯特家族的亨利·都铎登上了英国王位 ［亨利七世］, 通过同爱德华四世的女儿伊丽莎白结婚, 使原两大家族联合起来; 战争因此而于1485年基本结束）。