Townes
/taʊnz/- Townes, Charles Hard (b. 1915), American physicist. His development of microwave oscillators and amplifiers led to his invention of the maser in 1954. Townes later showed that an optical maser (a laser) was possible, though the first working laser was constructed by others. Nobel Prize for Physics (1964).汤斯, 查尔斯·哈德（生于1915年, 美国物理学家。他对微波振荡器和放大器进行的改造使其在1954年发明微波激射器; 汤斯后来证实制造光微波激射器, 即激光器的可行性, 尽管是别人制造了第一部实用的激光器。1964年获诺贝尔物理学奖）。