Thirty Years War
- a European war of 1618-48 which broke out between the Catholic Holy Roman emperor and some of his German Protestant states and developed into a struggle for continental hegemony with France, Sweden, Spain, and the Holy Roman Empire as the major protagonists. It was ended by the Treaty of Westphalia.三十年战争（1618-1648年间爆发于信仰天主教的神圣罗马帝国皇帝和他的一些德意志新教地区之间的一场欧洲战争, 后来演变成了争夺欧洲霸权的斗争, 主要参与者有法国、瑞典、西班牙和神圣罗马帝国, 战争结束签署了《威斯特伐利亚条约》）。