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- a hereditary name common to all members of a family, as distinct from a Christian or other given name姓。
1.1
- archaic a name, title, or epithet added to a person's name, especially one indicating their birthplace or a particular quality or achievement〈古〉（尤指表示出生地, 特殊品质或成就的）别名; 绰号：
Simeon of the pillar, by surname Stylites.
高柱上的西门, 别名柱头修士。
with obj.(常作be surnamed)
- give a surname to给…姓氏; 给…起别名：
Eddie Penham, so aptly surnamed, had produced a hand-painted sign for us.
埃迪·彭哈姆（意为书法爱好者）的别名起得真恰当, 他刚为我们手书了个标语牌子呢。
词源
Middle English: partial translation of Anglo-Norman French surnoun, suggested by medieval Latin supernomen.