1
- having a sharp, pungent taste or smell; not sweet辛辣的, 苦的：
raw berries have an intensely bitter flavour.
生的浆果有浓重的苦味。
1.1
- (of chocolate) dark and unsweetened（巧克力）黑色不加糖的。
2
- feeling or showing anger, hurt, or resentment because of bad experiences or a sense of unjust treatment愤怒的; 委屈的; 受伤害的; 怨恨的：
I don't feel jealous or bitter
我没有感到嫉妒和怨恨
she wept bitter tears of self-reproach.
她因自责而流下痛苦的眼泪。
3
- painful or unpleasant to accept or contemplate令人痛苦的, 令人不愉快的, 难以接受的：
today's decision has come as a bitter blow
今天的决定是令人难以承受的打击
she knew from bitter experience how treacherous such feelings could be.
她从痛苦的经历中知道, 这样的感觉会是多么不可靠。
3.1
- (of a conflict, argument, or opponent) full of anger and acrimony（冲突、争论或对手）怒不可遏的; 激烈的; 尖酸刻薄的：
a bitter five-year legal battle.
一场持续五年的激烈的诉讼争斗。
3.2
- (of wind or weather) intensely cold（风, 天气）凛冽的, 刺骨寒冷的：
a bitter wind blowing from the east.
从东面刮来的凛冽寒风。
1
- mass noun Brit. beer that is strongly flavoured with hops and has a bitter taste〈英〉苦啤（酒）。
2
bitters
treated as sing. liquor that is flavoured with the sharp pungent taste of plant extracts and is used as an additive in cocktails or as a medicinal substance to promote appetite or digestion苦精, 比特酒, 苦味酒。
短语
to the bitter end
- used to indicate that one will continue doing something until it is finished, no matter what义无反顾, 坚持到底：
the workers would fight to the bitter end.
工人们将战斗到底。
[ORIGIN: perhaps associated with a nautical word bitter denoting the last part of a cable inboard of the BITTS, perhaps influenced by the biblical phrases 'her end is bitter as wormwood'. （Prov. 5:4）.]
派生词
bitterly
adverbbitterness
noun词源
Old English biter, of Germanic origin; related to Dutch and German bitter, and probably to BITE.