Spengler
/ˈspeŋglə(r), 〈德〉 ˈʃpɛŋlɐ/- Spengler, Oswald (1880-1936), German philosopher. In his book The Decline of the West (1918- 22) he argues that civilizations undergo a seasonal cycle of a thousand years and are subject to growth and decay analogous to biological species.施本格勒, 奥斯瓦尔德（1880-1936, 德国哲学家, 在其《西方的没落》[1918-1922]一书中提出各种文明都要经历一种千年周期, 不可避免会同生物物种一样生长和衰亡）。