1
- a threatened penalty for disobeying a law or rule处罚, 制裁：
a range of sanctions aimed at deterring insider abuse.
旨在防止内部人员舞弊的一系列惩处。
1.1
sanctions
measures taken by a state to coerce another to conform to an international agreement or norms of conduct, typically in the form of restrictions on trade or official sporting participation（国家之间实施的）制裁。
1.2
- Ethics a consideration operating to enforce obedience to any rule of conduct【伦理学】约束力。
2
- mass noun official permission or approval for an action（官方对某一行为的）认可, 准许; 批准：
he appealed to the bishop for his sanction.
他请求主教批准。
2.1
- official confirmation or ratification of a law（对法律的）正式认可; 批准。
2.2
- count noun Law, historical a law or decree, especially an ecclesiastical decree【律】〈史〉（尤指基督教会的）法令, 法律。
with obj.
1
- （常作be sanctioned）give official permission or approval for (an action)认可（某一行动）; 批准; 赞成：
the council will consider whether to sanction the operation.
委员会将考虑是否批准这项行动。
2
- impose a sanction or penalty on对…实施制裁; 对…处以惩罚。
派生词
sanctionable
adjective词源
late Middle English (as a noun denoting an ecclesiastical decree)： from French, from Latin sanctio（n-）, from sancire 'ratify'. The verb dates from the late 18th cent.