1
- a projecting starched frill worn round the neck, characteristic of Elizabethan and Jacobean costume（英国女王伊丽莎白一世时期和英王詹姆斯一世时期的服饰的）轮状皱领。
2
- a projecting or conspicuously coloured ring of feathers or hair round the neck of a bird or mammal（鸟或哺乳动物的）翎颌。
3
- a pigeon of a domestic breed with a ruff of feathers on its neck毛领鸽。
4
- （复同单, 或ruffs）a North Eurasian wading bird, the male of which has a large variously coloured ruff and ear tufts in the breeding season, used in display流苏鹬。
4.1
- Philomachus pugnax, family Scolopacidae; the female is called a reeve.拉丁名Philomachus pugnax,鹬科, 雌鹬称为REEVE.
派生词
ruff-like
adjective词源
early 16th cent. (first used denoting a frill around a sleeve)： probably from a variant of ROUGH.
词源
late 19th cent.: from RUFFE.
no obj.
1- (in bridge, whist, and similar card games) play a trump in a trick which was led in a different suit（在桥牌、惠斯特纸牌戏和类似牌戏中）出将牌。
1.1
- with obj. play a trump on (a card in another suit)以将牌吃进（牌张）。
- an act of ruffing or opportunity to ruff出将牌; 出将牌吃进, 将吃。
词源
late 16th cent. (originally the name of a card game resembling whist)： from Old French rouffle, a parallel formation to Italian ronfa （perhaps an alteration of trionfo 'a trump'）.
- Music one of the basic patterns (rudiments) of drumming, consisting of a single note preceded by either two grace notes played with the other stick (double-stroke ruff 或drag) or three grace notes played with alternating sticks (four-stroke ruff)【乐】（鼓的）基本打击法（由另一鼓槌所击的两个装饰音加上一个单音或由另一鼓槌所击的三个装饰音加上一个单音组成）。
词源
late 17th cent.: probably imitative.