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- the name of three kings of England理查（英格兰三位国王的名字）：
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- Richard I (1157-99), son of Henry II, reigned 1189-99; known as Richard Coeur de Lion or Richard the Lionheart. He led the Third Crusade, defeating Saladin at Arsuf (1191), but failing to capture Jerusalem. Returning home, he was held hostage by the Holy Roman emperor Henry VI until being released in 1194 on payment of a huge ransom.理查一世（1157-1199, 亨利二世之子, 1189年至1199年在位, 人称“狮心理查”, 发动第三次十字军东征, 1191年在艾尔苏夫打败了萨拉丁, 但未能占领耶路撒冷, 归国途中被神圣罗马皇帝亨利六世扣为人质, 1194年交付大笔赎金后获释）。
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- Richard II (1367-1400), son of the Black Prince, reigned 1377-99. Following his minority, he executed or banished most of his former opponents. His confiscation of his uncle John of Gaunt's estate on the latter's death provoked Henry Bolingbroke's return from exile to overthrow him.理查二世（1367-1400, 黑王子爱德华之子, 1377年至1399年在位, 成年后处决或放逐了大部分以前的反对者, 他的叔父冈特的约翰死后财产被他没收, 从而激怒了被放逐的亨利·博林布鲁克, 于是亨利返回英格兰推翻了理查二世）。
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- Richard III (1452-85), brother of Edward IV, reigned 1483-5. He served as Protector to his nephew Edward V, who, after two months, was declared illegitimate and subsequently disappeared. Richard's brief rule ended at Bosworth Field, where he was defeated by Henry Tudor and killed.理查三世（1452-1485, 爱德华四世之弟, 1483年至1485年在位, 他曾为侄子爱德华五世摄政, 后者两个月后被宣布非法并随后失踪, 理查三世后来被亨利·都铎在博斯沃思原野战役中战败后被杀, 其短暂统治就此终止）。
- Richard2, Sir Cliff (b.1940), British pop singer, born in India; born Harry Roger Webb. With his group the Drifters (later called the Shadows), he recorded such songs as 'Living Doll' (1959). Since the 1970s he has combined a successful solo pop career with evangelism.理查德, 克利夫爵士（生于1940年, 英国流行歌曲演唱家, 生于印度, 出生名哈里·罗杰·韦布, 率领“漂流者”乐队［后称影子乐队］一起录制了《活泼的玩偶》[1959]等歌曲, 20世纪70年代以来不仅继续他成功的演唱事业, 还从事传道工作）。