presumption
/prɪˈzʌmpʃən/noun
1
- an act or instance of taking something to be true or adopting a particular attitude towards something, especially at the start of a chain of argument or action推测; 推定; 假设; 假想：
the presumption of guilt has changed to a presumption of innocence.
有罪推定已改变为无罪推定。
1.1
- an idea that is taken to be true, and often used as the basis for other ideas, although it is not known for certain合理假设, 有根据的假设（被认为正确、常被当作其他想法基础的想法, 尽管不能确认其正确性）：
underlying presumptions about human nature.
关于人性的合理假设。
1.2
- chiefly Law an attitude adopted in law or as a matter of policy towards an action or proposal in the absence of acceptable reasons to the contrary【主律】推定, 假定：
the planning policy shows a general presumption in favour of development.
规划政策表现出倾向于发展的总的假定。
2
- mass noun behaviour perceived as arrogant, disrespectful, and transgressing the limits of what is permitted or appropriate放肆, 冒昧, 自以为是：
he lifted her off the ground and she was enraged at his presumption.
他把她抱起来, 她对他的放肆火冒三丈。
词源
Middle English: from Old French presumpcion, from Latin praesumptio（n） 'anticipation'， from the verb praesumere （see PRESUME）.