- of, relating to, or denoting the speculative philosophers active in the ancient Greek world in the 6th and 5th centuries BC (before the time of Socrates), who attempted to find rational explanations for natural phenomena. They included Parmenides, Anaxagoras, Empedocles, and Heraclitus.（与）苏格拉底前古希腊哲学家（有关）的（试图为自然现象找到理性解释, 公元前6至前5世纪古希腊的一些思辨哲学家, 其中有巴门尼德、阿那克萨哥拉、恩培多克勒、赫拉克利特等人）。
- a Presocratic philosopher苏格拉底前的古希腊哲学家。