patriarch
/ˈpeɪtrɑːk/noun
1
- the male head of a family or tribe男性家长; 男性族长。
1.1
- a man who is the oldest or most venerable of a group（一群人中）最年长者; 最受尊敬者：
Hollywood's reigning patriarch rose to speak.
好莱坞的头号元老站起来讲话。
1.2
- a man who behaves in a commanding manner指挥者; 统帅; 司令：
Cunningham's authoritative energy marks him out as patriarch within his own company.
坎宁安颐指气使, 表明他是自己公司内部的主宰。
1.3
- a person or thing that is regarded as the founder of something创始者, 鼻祖; 创始物：
the patriarch of all spin doctors.
所有政治公关的鼻祖。
2
- any of those biblical figures regarded as fathers of the human race, especially Abraham, Isaac, and Jacob, and their forefathers, or the sons of Jacob（《圣经》中人类的）祖先（尤指亚伯拉罕、以撒和雅各以及他们的祖先, 或尤指雅各的子孙们）。
3
- the title of a most senior Orthodox or Catholic bishop, in particular（东正教或天主教的）大主教, 牧首, 尤指：
3.1
- a bishop of one of the most ancient Christian sees (Alexandria, Antioch, Constantinople, Jerusalem, and formerly Rome)（亚历山大、安提俄克、君士坦丁堡、耶路撒冷和前罗马教区的）主教。
3.2
- the head of an autocephalous or independent Orthodox Church（东正教独立教会的）教长。
3.3
- a Roman Catholic bishop ranking above primates and metropolitans and immediately below the Pope, often the head of a Uniate community（罗马天主教中职位高于首主教和都主教但仅低于教皇的、通常担任东仪天主教教长的）主教。
词源
Middle English: from Old French patriarche, via ecclesiastical Latin from Greek patriarkhēs, from patria 'family'+ arkhēs 'ruling'.