against /əˈgɛnst/ preposition Learner's definition of AGAINST
1
a : in opposition to (someone or something)违反；反对；逆 -
Everyone was against them. [=everyone opposed them]所有人都反对他们。
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We must continue the struggle for justice and against injustice.我们必须继续坚持正义，反对非正义。
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She voted against the proposal.她投票反对这项提案。
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You're either for/with me or against me! [=you either support me or oppose me]你要么支持我，要么反对我。
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He spoke against appeasing the enemy.他发言反对向敌人做出让步。
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The U.S. fought against Germany in World Wars I and II. = The U.S. and Germany fought against each other in World Wars I and II.第一次和第二次世界大战期间，美国与德国作战。
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Some people were for the proposal but others were against it.有人支持这个议案，但也有人反对。
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There's a law against doing that.法律禁止这样做。
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His parents were angry when they learned he had borrowed the car against their wishes. [=he borrowed the car even though they did not want him to]他的父母得知他违背他们的意愿借了那辆车之后非常生气。
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Against my advice, she quit her job. [=she quit her job even though I advised her not to]她不听我的劝告，辞掉了工作。
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He was being held against his will. [=he was being kept in a place by force even though he wanted to leave]他被强行监禁起来。
b : in competition with (someone or something)与…竞争 2
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used to indicate the person or thing that is affected or harmed by something受…影响；受…伤害 -
He denies the charges that have been made against him.他否认了对他的各项指控。
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The evidence against him is very convincing.这个对他不利的证据很有说服力。
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The war was a crime against humanity.战争是危害人类的罪行。
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Someone has been making threats against her.有人一直在威胁她。
3
: not agreeing with or allowed by (something, such as a law)违反 -
You can't do that. It's against the law. [=the law does not allow it]你不能那样做。那是违法的。
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Touching the ball with your hands is against the rules.用手触球是犯规动作。
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I won't do it. It's against my principles. [=my principles don't allow it; I believe that it is wrong]我不会做这事。这违背了我的准则。
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They were acting against tradition. [=acting in a way that did not agree with tradition]他们在以有违传统的方式行事。
4
a : not helping or favoring (someone)对（某人）不利 -
Everything was/went against them. [=everything that happened was unfavorable to them]情况对他们不利。
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Her appearance is/counts against her. [=her appearance does not help her; people form a bad opinion of her because of her appearance]她的容貌不讨人喜欢。
b : as a reason for disliking (someone or something)对…有成见 -
I have nothing against him. [=I don't dislike him; I have no reason for disliking him]我对他没有任何成见。
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We disagree about many things, but I don't hold it/that against you. [=I don't dislike you because of it/that]我们在很多事情上有分歧，但我不会因此讨厌你。
5
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used to say that one thing is being compared with another同比；和…对比 -
Profits are up this year against last year. [=profits are higher this year than they were last year]同比去年，今年的利润有所增长。
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The yen rose/fell against the dollar.日元对美元升值/贬值。
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a graph that plots height against weight身高体重对照图
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We will weigh/balance the risk against the possible benefit. [=we will compare the risk with the possible benefit]我们会权衡风险与可能得到的收益。
6
a : as a defense or protection from (something)抵御；预防；以防 b : in preparation for (something)为…做准备；防备 7
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used to describe hitting or touching something or someone触；碰；倚 -
I accidentally knocked/hit my head against the shelf.我不小心把头撞到了架子上。
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The waves were beating against [=on] the shore.海浪拍打着海岸。
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She accidentally brushed against him as she walked by.她从旁边走过时不小心触到了他的身体。
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The ladder was leaning against the wall.梯子斜靠在墙上。
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She was resting her head against the side of the chair.她把头倚在椅子的一侧。
8
: in a direction opposite to the movement of (something)逆向；与…相反方向 9
: with the background of (something)在…的衬托下；以…为背景 10
: as a charge on (something)作为（某物的）应付款项