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单词 Dispersion of light
释义

Dispersion of light

中文百科

光的色散 Dispersion (optics)

(重定向自Dispersion of light)
Dispersión de la luz en dos prismas de distinto material.
A compact fluorescent lamp seen through an Amici prism.
The variation of refractive index vs. vacuum wavelength for various glasses. The wavelengths of visible light are shaded in red.

在光学中,对于不同的波长,介质的折射率n(λ)也不同,此令到白光在折射时,不同颜色的光线分开,这种现象就称为光的色散。一般波长越小,折射率越大:蓝色光折射率大,红色光折射率小(见右图)。

对于可见光,一般的透明物质:

如果

那么

或可用以下表示:

法国数学家柯西发现折射率和光波长的关系,可以用一个级数表示:

其中B, C, D是三个柯西色散系数,因不同的物质而不同。只须测定三个不同的波长下的折射率n(λ),代入柯西色散公式中可得到三个联立方程序,解这组联立方程序就可以得到这物质的三个柯西色散系数。有了三个柯西色散系数,就可以计算出其他波长下的折射率不需要再测量。

英语百科

Dispersion (optics) 光的色散

(重定向自Dispersion of light)
In a dispersive prism, material dispersion (a wavelength-dependent refractive index) causes different colors to refract at different angles, splitting white light into a rainbow.
A compact fluorescent lamp seen through an Amici prism.
The variation of refractive index vs. vacuum wavelength for various glasses. The wavelengths of visible light are shaded in red.
Influences of selected glass component additions on the mean dispersion of a specific base glass (nF valid for λ = 486 nm (blue), nC valid for λ = 656 nm (red))[3]

In optics, dispersion is the phenomenon in which the phase velocity of a wave depends on its frequency. Media having this common property may be termed dispersive media. Sometimes the term chromatic dispersion is used for specificity. Although the term is used in the field of optics to describe light and other electromagnetic waves, dispersion in the same sense can apply to any sort of wave motion such as acoustic dispersion in the case of sound and seismic waves, in gravity waves (ocean waves), and for telecommunication signals propagating along transmission lines (such as coaxial cable) or optical fiber.

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