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单词 Differential erosion
释义

Differential erosion

中文百科

风化作用 Weathering

(重定向自Differential erosion)
在冰岛南部的一块岩石因冻融风化而分解
花岗岩的压力释放
建筑物上的石头的盐风化,位于马耳他上的戈佐(Gozo)岛
沙岩上的盐风化,位于阿塞拜疆上的科布斯坦(Qobustan)

风化作用英语:weathering,意思是因天气引起的作用)为岩石、土壤及其矿物等与地球大气层接触而分解。风化作用发生在当地或无包含物体移动,所以不能和侵蚀作用(erosion)互相混淆。侵蚀作用包括岩石和矿物经由媒介如水、冰、风及重力等引起其移动与瓦解。

风化作用可以分为两种。机械性或物理性的风化作用包括因为大气情况如热力、水、冰及压力导致岩石及土壤的分解。化学性的风化作用包括与大气化学物的直接反应,或与生物产生的化学物反应(生物性的风化作用),最终令岩石、土壤及矿物分解。

岩石分解后的物质与有机物质结合制成土壤。土壤的矿物成分取决于母质(parent material),所以由一种岩石形成的土壤常常会缺乏一种或多种肥沃土壤所需的矿物质,而由多种岩石混合形成的土壤(如冰川、风成(eolian)或冲积沉积物)常常会形成肥沃土壤(fertile soil)。

英语百科

Weathering 风化作用

(重定向自Differential erosion)
A natural arch produced by erosion of differentially weathered rock in Jebel Kharaz (Jordan)
A rock in Abisko, Sweden fractured along existing joints possibly by frost weathering or thermal stress
Wave action and water chemistry lead to structural failure in exposed rocks
Pressure release could have caused the exfoliated granite sheets shown in the picture.

Weathering is the breaking down of rocks, soil and minerals as well as artificial materials through contact with the Earth's atmosphere, biota and waters. Weathering occurs in situ, roughly translated to: "with no movement", and thus should not be confused with erosion, which involves the movement of rocks and minerals by agents such as water, ice, snow, wind, waves and gravity and then being transported and deposited in other locations.

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