辩证唯物主义（英语：dialectical materialism）是一种以马克思（Karl Marx）和恩格斯（Friedrich Von Engels）学说来研究现实的哲学方法，是用“辩证的观点”和“唯物论的观点”解释和认识世界的理论。一般认为，“辩证唯物主义”和“唯物辩证法”在本质上是一致的。辩证唯物主义批判地继承了费尔巴哈（Ludwig Andreas Feuerbach）的机械唯物主义。

Dialectical materialism (sometimes abbreviated diamat) is a philosophy of science and nature, based on the writings of Karl Marx and Friedrich Engels, and developed largely in Russia and the Soviet Union. It was inspired by dialectic and materialist philosophical traditions. The main idea of dialectical materialism lies in the concept of the evolution of the natural world and the emergence of new qualities of being at new stages of evolution. As Z. A. Jordan notes, "Engels made constant use of the metaphysical insight that the higher level of existence emerges from and has its roots in the lower; that the higher level constitutes a new order of being with its irreducible laws; and that this process of evolutionary advance is governed by laws of development which reflect basic properties of 'matter in motion as a whole'."