Conservation of information isn’t just an arbitrary rule, but a mathematical necessity, upon which much of modern science is built.
信息守恒不仅是一个武断的规则，而且是一种数学上的必然性， 许多现代科学都建立在它之上。
Conservation of information
原声例句
TED-Ed（视频版）
英语百科
Specified complexity
![](/Images/godic/202501/06/Watch-aiguilles-open_hg3853.jpg")
![Possible targets with complexity ranking and probability not exceeding those of attained target T. Probability of set-theoretic union does not exceed φ(T) × P(T)](/Images/godic/202501/06/TargetReplicationalRsources3853.png")
Specified complexity is a pseudoscientific concept proposed by William Dembski and used by him and others to promote intelligent design. According to Dembski, the concept can formalize a property that singles out patterns that are both specified and complex, in specific senses defined by Dembski. Dembski states that specified complexity is a reliable marker of design by an intelligent agent - a central tenet to intelligent design, which Dembski argues for in opposition to modern evolutionary theory. The concept of specified complexity is widely regarded as mathematically unsound and has not been the basis for further independent work in information theory, in the theory of complex systems, or in biology. Proponents of intelligent design use specified complexity as one of their two main arguments, alongside irreducible complexity.