阿夫沙尔王朝（波斯语：سلسله افشار‎）是18世纪统治伊朗高原的一个土库曼人王朝。

王朝创立者纳迪尔沙出生于呼罗珊的一个土库曼阿夫沙尔部落的农民家庭，在童年时被卖为奴隶，后来成功逃亡。他加入了东安纳托利亚的一支突厥武装部落“阿夫沙尔”（即红头部落），地位迅速升高，逐渐成为割据一方的军阀。1726年，纳迪尔沙率军支持被入侵伊朗的阿富汗人废黜的萨非王朝沙阿太美斯普二世，并成功地赶走了阿富汗人。接着纳迪尔沙又着手收复被奥斯曼帝国和俄罗斯帝国占领的伊朗国土，在国内逐渐树立起超过沙阿本人的权威。于是在1732年纳迪尔沙废黜了太美斯普二世，将其放逐到呼罗珊，扶立太美斯普二世之子阿拔斯三世为傀儡沙阿。1735年幼主阿拔斯三世去世。次年纳迪尔沙自立为伊朗沙阿，创建阿夫沙尔王朝。

The Afsharids (Persian:افشاریان‎‎) were members of an Iranian dynasty which originated from the Afshar tribe in Iran's north-eastern province of Khorasan, ruling Persia in the mid-eighteenth century. The dynasty was founded in 1736 by the brilliant military commander Nader Shah, who deposed the last member of the Safavid dynasty and proclaimed himself Shah of Iran. During Nader's reign, Iran reached its greatest extent since the Sassanid Empire, and at its height it controlled modern day Iran, Armenia, Georgia, Azerbaijan, most of the North Caucasus (Dagestan, Kabardino-Balkaria, and parts of modern-day Chechnya), Afghanistan, Bahrain, Turkmenistan, Uzbekistan, and Pakistan, and parts of Iraq, Turkey, North India, and Oman. After his death, most of his empire was divided between the Zands, Durranis, Georgians, and the Caucasian khanates, while Afsharid rule was confined to a small local state in Khorasan. Finally, the Afsharid dynasty was overthrown by Mohammad Khan Qajar in 1796, who would establish a new native Iranian empire and restore Iranian suzerainty over several of the aforementioned regions.