计算语言学（英语：computational linguistics）是一门跨学科的研究领域，试图找出自然语言的规律，创建运算模型，最终让电脑能够像人类般分析，理解和处理自然语言。

过去，计算语言学的研究一般由专门负责利用电脑处理自然语言的电脑学家进行。由于近年的研究显示人类语言是超乎想像的复杂，现在的计算语言学研究多由来自不同学科的专家共同进行。一般来说，研究队伍的成员有电脑学家、语言学家、语言专家（熟悉有关研究项目所要处理的语言的人），以至研究人工智能、认知心理学、数学、逻辑学等的专家。

Computational linguistics is an interdisciplinary field concerned with the statistical or rule-based modeling of natural language from a computational perspective.

Traditionally, computational linguistics was usually performed by computer scientists who had specialized in the application of computers to the processing of a natural language. Computational linguists often work as members of interdisciplinary teams, including linguists (specifically trained in linguistics), language experts (persons with some level of ability in the languages relevant to a given project), and computer scientists. In general, computational linguistics draws upon the involvement of linguists, computer scientists, experts in artificial intelligence, mathematicians, logicians, philosophers, cognitive scientists, cognitive psychologists, psycholinguists, anthropologists and neuroscientists, among others.