克劳修斯定理 Clausius theorem
（重定向自Clausius inequality）
![](/Images/godic/202501/04/BernoullisLawDerivationDiagram.svg2952.png")
克劳修斯定理（英语：Clausius theorem）也称为克劳修斯不等式，是德国科学家鲁道夫·克劳修斯在1855年提出的热力学不等式，描述在热力学循环中，系统热的变化及温度之间的关系：
![\oint \frac{\delta Q}{T} \leq 0,](/Images/godic/202501/04/7cf62c2563c2ff56c935c8b0cb489c5a2952.png")
其中，δQ是系统热的变化，吸热为正，放热为负。若是在可逆过程中，上式中的等号成立，其中小于符号则是对应不可逆过程。克劳修斯定理可用来定义状态函数熵。
Clausius inequality
中文百科
英语百科
Clausius theorem 克劳修斯定理
（重定向自Clausius inequality）
The Clausius theorem (1855) states that for a system exchanging heat with external reservoirs and undergoing a cyclic process (i.e. a process which ultimately returns a system to its original state):
where δ![Q](/Images/godic/202501/04/f09564c9ca56850d4cd6b3319e541aee2952.png")
is the amount of heat absorbed by the system from the reservoir and ![T](/Images/godic/202501/04/b9ece18c950afbfa6b0fdbfa4ff731d32952.png")
is the temperature of the external reservoir at a particular instant. The equality holds in the reversible case and the inequality holds in the irreversible case. The reversible case is used to introduce the entropy state function. This is because in cyclic process the variation of a state function is zero.
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