高加索山脉（英语：Caucasus Mountains，俄语：Кавказские горы，格鲁吉亚语：კავკასიონი，亚美尼亚语：Կավկազ，），呈东西走向，在黑海与里海之间，是俄罗斯和格鲁吉亚、阿塞拜疆等国的国界线。其最高峰为厄尔布鲁士峰，其海拔为5642米（18510呎），同时也是欧洲第一高峰。

高加索山脉包括:

大高加索山脉是亚洲和欧洲的地理分界线，从黑海东北岸，即在俄罗斯塔曼半岛至索契附近开始往东南偏东延伸，直达里海附近的巴库为止。 而小高加索山脉则几乎与大高加索平行排列，两者由隔开了科尔基斯和库拉-阿拉斯低地的苏拉姆山脉所连接。 在小高加索山脉东南方矗立着塔雷什山脉，是厄尔布尔士山脉的西北部分。 小高加索山脉和亚美尼亚高原构成了外高加索高地。

The Caucasus Mountains are a mountain system in Eurasia between the Black Sea and the Caspian Sea in the Caucasus region.

The Caucasus Mountains include the Greater Caucasus Range, which extends from the Caucasian Natural Reserve in the vicinity of Sochi on the northeastern shore of the Black Sea, aligned west-northwest to east-southeast and reaching nearly to Baku on the Caspian Sea; and the Lesser Caucasus, which runs parallel to the greater range, at a distance averaging about 100 km (62 mi) south. The Meskheti Range is a part of the Lesser Caucasus system. The Greater and Lesser Caucasus ranges are connected by the Likhi Range, which separates the Kolkhida Lowland from the Kura-Aras Lowland. In the southeast the Aras River separates the Lesser Caucasus from the Talysh Mountains which straddle the border of southeastern Azerbaijan and Iran. The Lesser Caucasus and the Armenian Highland constitute the Transcaucasian Highland, which at their western end converge with the highland plateau of Eastern Anatolia in the far north east of Turkey. The highest peak in the Caucasus range is Mount Elbrus in the Greater Caucasus, which rises to a height of 5,642 metres (18,510 ft) above sea level. Mountains near Sochi hosted part of the 2014 Winter Olympics.