For example if we have a carbonyl bonded to a Hydroxyl, that, my friends, is a Carboxylic Acid.

例如，如果我们有一个与羟基键合的羰基，那，我的朋友们， 就是一个羧酸。

The result was a non-terminal, or internal, carbonyl.

结果是一个非末端的或内部的羰基。

So yeah, when we have a carbonyl in the middle of a carbon chain, that is a ketone functional group.

所以是的，当我们在碳链中间有一个羰基时， 那就是酮官能团。

You can react it with another chemical, like carbonyl chloride, to form long chains, and those chains form a really durable plastic.

你可以将它与另一种化学物质（如碳酰氯）反应形成长链，这些链形成真正耐用的塑料。

Now, Acetic acid is also interesting because once upon a time, a clever chemist called Leopold Gmelin did some chemistry and knocked off the OH group and joined the carbonyl with another carbon.

现在，乙酸也很有趣， 因为曾几何时，一位名叫 Leopold Gmelin 的聪明化学家做了一些化学反应， 并敲掉了 OH 基团， 并将羰基与另一个碳连接起来。

If you were paying attention, you learned that alcohols are organic compounds with hydroxyl groups, if you dehydrogenate them, the hydroxyl converts to a carbonyl and they become dehydrogenated alcohols or aldehydes.

如果你留心的话，你就会知道醇是带有羟基的有机化合物， 如果你将它们脱氢， 羟基就会转化为羰基， 它们就会变成脱氢的醇或醛。

If an OH is part of a larger functional group, we'll refer to it as a Hydroxyl, and if a carbon double bonded to an oxygen it's part of a larger group, we call that a carbonyl.

如果 OH 是较大官能团的一部分，我们将其称为羟基，如果碳与氧双键结合， 则它是较大官能团的一部分， 我们称之为羰基。

Esters, on the other hand, I focus on that 'S' noise, making me think it must be plural, because they have two oxygens: one in the middle of the chain and one as part of a carbonyl.

另一方面，酯类，我专注于那个“S”噪音，让我认为它一定是复数， 因为它们有两个氧：一个在链的中间， 一个作为羰基的一部分。