黄道蟹科（学名Cancridae）是蟹的一科。它们由6个现存的属及11个只有化石的属组成。这些属详列如下：

Cancridae is a family of crabs. It comprises six extant genera, and eleven exclusively fossil genera, in two subfamilies:

Cancrinae Latreille, 1802

†Lobocarcininae Beurlen, 1930

Until 2000, the extant species were all classified in genus Cancer. After an analysis of new fossil material, the subgenera were elevated to the rank of genus, and three new genera were erected. Most of the family's current diversity is found in temperate waters of the Northern Hemisphere.